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Avoidance sessions as aversive events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P N Hineline 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,176(33):430-432
Rats living continuously in conditioning chambers were permitted to work for food before and after their daily avoidance sessions. The avoidance procedure disrupted this responding reinforced by food, a result that indicates conditioned suppression on a time scale much greater than that previously studied in nonhuman animals. 相似文献
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Reconstructing past ocean pH-depth profiles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Measurement of boron isotope compositions in species of planktonic foraminifera that calcified their tests at different depths in the water column are used to reconstruct the pH profile of the upper water column of the tropical ocean. Results for five time windows from the middle Miocene to the late Pleistocene indicate pH-depth profiles similar to that of the modern ocean in this area, which suggests that this method may greatly aid in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. 相似文献
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ZF Ren ZP Huang JW Xu JH Wang P Bush MP Siegal PN Provencio 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5391):1105-1107
Free-standing aligned carbon nanotubes have previously been grown above 700 degreesC on mesoporous silica embedded with iron nanoparticles. Here, carbon nanotubes aligned over areas up to several square centimeters were grown on nickel-coated glass below 666 degreesC by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Acetylene gas was used as the carbon source and ammonia gas was used as a catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes with controllable diameters from 20 to 400 nanometers and lengths from 0. 1 to 50 micrometers were obtained. Using this method, large panels of aligned carbon nanotubes can be made under conditions that are suitable for device fabrication. 相似文献
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Pigeons were trained to peck a key to escape a pulsing shock of linearly increasing intensity. As the rate of increase was varied from 0.0374 milliamperes per minute to 37.4 milliamperes per minute, the intensity at which most pecking occurred varied from 2.2 to 5.0 milliamperes. 相似文献
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Stable integration and expression of a cry1Ia gene conferring resistance to fall armyworm and boll weevil in cotton plants 下载免费PDF全文
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Cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthesia recovery quality in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane and low‐dose S‐ketamine or medetomidine infusions 下载免费PDF全文