德令哈地区红宝鸡六种疫病血清学调查

近年来，随着养鸡业发展速度加快，良种鸡引进极为频繁。海西州牧科所养鸡场每年从外地引进肉蛋兼用鸡，并销售于德令哈地区。为了让广大群众吃上“放心鸡、蛋”，查清引入鸡主要疫病感染状况，为临床防制提供依据，我们于２０００年６～８月对本所养鸡场的鸡采用间接血凝（ＨＩＡ）、琼脂扩散（ＡＧＰ）二种血清学诊断方法，对６种鸡疫病进行了抽样检查，其结果如下：１　　材料与方法１．１　　被检血清：来自海西州牧科所养鸡场４月龄红宝肉蛋兼用鸡血清，共１１８份。１．２　　方法１．２．１　　ＨＩＡ：查鸡弓形虫病。抗原，阳性、阴…     

Suspected selenium poisoning in a horse

A case of selenium poisoning was suspected following the administration of 325 micromol selenium a day as sodium selenate (25 mg Se) for five consecutive days. The main signs were confined to changes in the integument which were loss of hair from the mane and tail, disintegration of the skin of the anus, lips, prepuce and scrotum, and separation of the hooves from the coronary corium. Periodic analyses of blood, hair and hoof parings from the sole correlated strongly with blood and identified horn and hair as important additional routes of excretion.     

The detection and measurement of stray electrical leakages on dairy farms: effects on performance

Sources of stray electrical leakage from Power Supply Authority alternating current (AC), fence energiser pulses and randomly generated pulses and spikes on 55 dairy farms in the Waikato area were identified between December 1986 and March 1988. The electrical measurements were made using a specifically designed voltmeter able to detect voltages between 0.1V and 1500V, from single voltage spikes of two microseconds or greater duration from direct current (DC) as well as 50 Hz AC. Ninety-five sources of stray voltage were identified, and 53 per cent of properties had more than one source of >0.5V. The major source was from electric fence energisers. Rotary platform parlours were among the commonest sources of random or transient voltage spikes. Leakage of AC into one or other of the components of the milk transport system such as vat, plate cooler, milk lift pump and milk line was common. Owners acknowledged the improvements in milk production, reproductive performance and growth rate of calves after reduction of the exposure of dairy cattle to stray electrical leakage. A representative summary of five case records helps define the range of improvements that may possibly be achieved.     

An assessment of the copper status of dairy herds in the Waikato, Taranaki and Northland in spring and the effects of daily supplementation with copper sulphate

The copper status of dairy herds in the Waikato, Taranaki and Northland regions between 1 August and 30 September was assessed by copper determinations made on composite sera from ten cows in each herd. Comparisons were made between two major groups categorised as as received and supplemented. In the latter, the cows received 2.0-6.0 g/day of copper sulphate orally from late gestation to the end of lactation. Mean copper values were determined from pastures in Taranaki and Northland and from pastures from three soil types in the Waikato. The lowest were in Northland (134.3 micromol/kg) and the highest in Taranaki (173.3 micromol/kg). Calculated dietary available copper levels showed the lowest were from pastures grown on organic soils in the Waikato. These soils also had high molybdenum levels. Serum copper values as received were lowest in Northland (7.30 micromol/l), and were marginal for both Taranaki (9.91 micromol/l) and the Waikato (9.93 micromol/l). The levels in supplemented herds were considerably higher, i.e. from the Waikato 11.7 micromol/l and from Taranaki 11.5 micromol/l. When liver and serum copper levels from paired samples were compared there was a reasonable correlation (r = 0.64) but the standard deviation approximated the mean liver copper level, i.e. 155 +/- 141 micromol/l.     

蓝绿象的发生与防治

蓝绿象 (ＨｙｐｏｍｅｃｅｓｓｑｕａｍｏｓｕｓＦａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ)属鞘翅目象虫科 ,是西双版纳地区多种植物上的主要食叶害虫之一。该虫寄主广 ,危害重 ,在发生高峰期 ,一株约 2ｍ高的幼树上虫口基数高达 30 0头以上。成虫取食新梢嫩叶 ,使叶片残缺不全 ,甚至咬断新梢、果柄     

新型多反射面风力驱鸟器

<正>1研制背景提高电压质量,提高供电可靠性,做好优质服务是各级供电公司工作的重中之重。每年供电公司因鸟害造成的跳闸占总跳闸次数的30%以上,防鸟驱鸟,已经到了刻不容缓的地步。针对这一严峻形势,市场上推出了多种驱鸟器,目前常用驱鸟器有以下几种。     

猪毛色基因MC1R的SNPs位点研究与应用

本研究旨在鉴定MC1R基因中与猪毛色紧密相关的SNP位点，明确不同SNP位点不同基因型与毛色的关系，并用于后代毛色的快速、高效预测和精准选育。通过采集不同猪种及杂交组合个体的耳组织样本共257个，提取耳组织DNA，采用Snapshot技术检测MC1R基因708bp、730bp、788bp位点SNP基因型。结果表明，在所研究群体中，可将MC1R基因708 bp、730 bp和788 bp位点作为黑毛色的分子标记，任一亲本在这3个位点基因型为AA、GG或CC时，子代(F₁代)毛色均为黑色。将鉴定的毛色相关SNPs应用于川乡黑猪世代选育，实现了川乡黑猪黑毛基因型的纯合。通过对MC1R基因的708 bp、730 bp和788 bp 3个位点中任意1个SNP进行检测，即分别选择AA、GG或CC基因型，可实现对黑毛色基因型的纯化，解决猪育种中后代毛色分离问题。     

甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策实施效果

草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。党的十八大以来,我国将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局之中,在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例,通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理,从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况。结果表明：1)两轮补奖政策实施后,天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复,草地生产力达到2 162.28 kg·hm–2,相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%;2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变,理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位,相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%;3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4 012元增加到8 265元。遵从“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态发展理念,为进一步加强草地生态恢复,建议：1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准;2)加快培育现代农业产业,加大产业扶持力度,积极发展特色农牧业;3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度,科学制定草原合理利用计划。