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排序方式: 共有235条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
AIMS: To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO2 in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI).METHODS: Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO2 or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1?mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O2 (PaO2), and CO2 (PaCO2). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined.RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO2, PaCO2 and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p<0.001), but no difference between insufflation groups (p>0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO2>50?mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO2<70?mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO2 group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO2 group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO2 and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO2 group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for abdominal insufflation during laparoscopic AI procedures. 相似文献
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RNA was extracted from single or small groups of ovine ovarian follicles after treatment of ewes with FSH and/or LH. The content of mRNA for the alpha-inhibin and beta A-inhibin subunits was analyzed by hybridization with specific cDNA probes. All ewes were treated with progestin vaginal pessaries to suppress spontaneous preovulatory follicle maturation and ewes were given three intramuscular injections of gonadotropins at 8-hr intervals starting 24 hr prior to collection of ovaries. In experiment I, both Schering-FSH and NIDDK-oFSH-17 (oFSH) significantly increased alpha- and beta A-inhibin mRNA per ewe in 2-5 mm follicles and tended to increase alpha- and beta A-inhibin mRNA in large (greater than 5 mm) follicles. In experiment II, oFSH and NIDDK-oLH-25 (oLH) were administered in a 2X2 factorial arrangement. Separate administration of oFSH or oLH increased (P less than .05) the alpha-inhibin mRNA concentration in large follicles. alpha-inhibin mRNA concentration in 4-5 mm follicles was also increased by oFSH but was decreased by oLH. Concomitant treatment with oFSH and oLH did not change alpha-inhibin mRNA concentrations from those measured in oFSH treated ewes. In experiment II, beta A mRNA concentrations followed a pattern similar to that of alpha A mRNA, but the differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that, in the ewe, exogenous FSH increases the concentration of inhibin mRNA in the whole follicle. The ability of exogenous oLH to alter expression of the inhibin subunit genes may depend upon the stage of follicle maturation. 相似文献
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Freeman RG Grabar KC Allison KJ Bright RM Davis JA Guthrie AP Hommer MB Jackson MA Smith PC Walter DG Natan MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,267(5204):1629-1632
The self-assembly of monodisperse gold and silver colloid particles into monolayers on polymer-coated substrates yields macroscopic surfaces that are highly active for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Particles are bound to the substrate through multiple bonds between the colloidal metal and functional groups on the polymer such as cyanide (CN), amine (NH(2)), and thiol (SH). Surface evolution, which can be followed in real time by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and SERS, can be controlled to yield high reproducibility on both the nanometer and the centimeter scales. On conducting substrates, colloid monolayers are electrochemically addressable and behave like a collection of closely spaced microelectrodes. These favorable properties and the ease of monolayer construction suggest a widespread use for metal colloid-based substrates. 相似文献
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RO Pinho BS Camilo DMA Lima FAC Villadiego JCM Vergara HH Shiomi RE Cardoso PS Lopes JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):393-400
The objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty‐six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination. 相似文献
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Takai S Henton MM Picard JA Guthrie AJ Fukushi H Sugimoto C 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2001,68(2):105-110
The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil isolates from two horse farms in South Africa and nine clinical isolates from six foals, a foal foetus, a dog, and a monkey was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA and 15- to 17-kDa antigens by immunoblotting. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from almost all of the soil samples obtained from the two farms with 5.0 x 10(1) to 3.3 x 10(4) colony forming units per gram of soil. Virulent R. equi was isolated from three soil samples from one of the farms and appeared in 3.8% (three of 80 isolates), but not in any of the 182 isolates from the other farm. Of the three virulent R. equi isolates, one contained an 85-kb type I plasmid and two an 87-kb type I plasmid. Of nine clinical isolates from the foals, foal foetus, dog and monkey, five from the foals were virulent R. equi which expressed the virulence-associated antigens and contained a virulence plasmid 85-kb type I, and were all isolated from cases of pneumonia typical of that induced by R. equi in young foals living in widely separated areas in South Africa. The isolates from the other four foals, the dog and the monkey were avirulent R. equi. 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of alternative management interventions on levels of nematodes and the condition of working donkeys in South Africa. Twenty-four adult donkeys (Equus asinus) within an area of 200km radius were randomly allocated to eight paddocks. Two replicates each of three management interventions together with a control group were tested in a 16-month study. The interventions included monthly removal of feces from paddocks where the donkeys grazed, a pre-winter moxidectin treatment, and a combination of a pre-winter moxidectin treatment and monthly fecal removal. The influence of the different interventions on the nematode fecal egg counts, animal live weights, body condition scores and general blood chemistry were compared. In addition, herbage samples were collected from the pastures in each paddock to determine the number of third-stage larvae (L(3)) per kg dry matter. At the end of the study worm recoveries and counts were performed on eight of the animals following euthanasia. The cyathostomes represented the largest portion of the helminth species composition in both the fecal egg counts and larval cultures. Monthly fecal removal alone did not significantly reduce the L(3) on pasture and consideration of more frequent removal is discussed. Pre-winter moxidectin treatment resulted in a 100% reduction in fecal egg counts, an average egg reappearance period of 42-55 days, a reduced average egg count for up to 8 months, and reduced total helminth burdens in all the treated donkeys. It also resulted in improved live weights, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volumes and to some extent body condition score of the donkeys. 相似文献
10.
Mogoa EG Stegmann GF Guthrie AJ 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2000,71(4):229-231
The effects of acute exposure to 3 different temperature and humidity conditions on arterial blood-gas and acid-base balance in goats were investigated after intravenous bolus administration of xylazine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Significant (P<0.05) changes in the variables occurred under all 3 environmental conditions. Decreases in pH, partial pressure of oxygen and oxyhaemoglobin saturation were observed, and the minimum values for oxygen tension and oxyhaemoglobin saturation were observed within 5 min of xylazine administration. The pH decreased to its minimum values between 5 and 15 min. Thereafter, the variables started to return towards baseline, but did not reach baseline values at the end of the 60 min observation period. Increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total carbon dioxide content, bicarbonate ion concentration, and the actual base excess were observed. The maximum increase in the carbon dioxide tension occurred within 5 min of xylazine administration. The increase in the actual base excess only became significant after 30 min in all 3 environments, and maximal increases were observed at 60 min. There were no significant differences between the variables in the 3 different environments. It was concluded that intravenous xylazine administration in goats resulted in significant changes in arterial blood-gas and acid-base balance that were associated with hypoxaemia and respiratory acidosis, followed by metabolic alkalosis that continued for the duration of the observation period. Acute exposure to different environmental temperature and humidity conditions after xylazine administration did not influence the changes in arterial blood-gas and acid-base balance. 相似文献