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AIM: To compare, in cows treated with an internal teat sealant, the effect of short-acting and long-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy on somatic cell counts (SCC) after calving.METHODS: Cows from a spring-calving, pasture-based dairy farm in the Manawatu-Whanganui region of New Zealand were randomly allocated to receive either a short-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=291) or a long-acting cloxacillin and ampicillin dry-cow therapy and internal teat sealant (n=288) at the end of lactation. Cows were managed on-farm with routine husbandry procedures through the dry period and following calving. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between length of action of dry-cow therapy and the proportion of cows with a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test after calving.RESULTS: Age of cow, mean SCC for the preceding season and interval from calving to the first post-calving herd test were all associated with the proportion of cows with an individual SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test (p<0.001) Treatment with the short-acting dry-cow therapy was not associated with decreased odds of cows having a SCC >150,000?cells/mL at the first herd test compared with treatment with long-acting dry-cow therapy (OR=0.724; 95% CI=0.40–1.30).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this herd, which routinely used internal teat sealants, the use of short-acting cloxacillin-based dry-cow therapy did not result in an increased proportion of cows with elevated SSC post-calving. This was a single farm, single year study but indicates that in this herd, changing from a long-acting to a short-acting antimicrobial may have no impact on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. 相似文献
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Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SP SYLVESTER DJ MELLOR KJ STAFFORD RA BRUCE RN WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):118-122
Objective To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning. 相似文献
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning. 相似文献
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Genital pathology of feral male goats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genitalia from 1000 feral male goats derived from western Queensland and New South Wales were examined after slaughter at an abattoir and the prevalence of abnormalities determined. Ulcerative balanoposthitis, considered due to caprine herpesvirus infection, was observed in 11 animals (1.1%); acidophilic intranuclear inclusions were found in 7 of these. Other conditions included focal hypoplasia of seminiferous tubules in 2 bucks (0.2%), segmental aplasia of the epididymis (one buck, 0.1%), bulbourethral gland cysts with contained aggregations (33 bucks, 3.3%) and haemangiosarcoma of the bulbourethral gland in one animal. The low prevalence of several conditions such as spermatic granuloma, cryptorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia, was attributed largely to the fact that the bucks examined were horned so that the recognised association between genital abnormalities and polledness did not apply. 相似文献
6.
Using the cryopreservation method of Lahnsteiner, Berger, Weismann & Patzner (1995, Aquaculture Research 26 , 801-807) the influence of allowable variations of methodical parameters (storage of semen before cryopreservation, dilution ratios in the extender, equilibration in the extender, cooling rates, storage of deep-frozen semen in liquid nitrogen, storage of frozen/thawed semen, minimal sperm/egg ratio) was investigated under the aspect of routine utilization. Under optimized experimental conditions, fertilization rates were 90-100% of controls in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Salmo trutta L. f. lacustrisSalmo truttaL.f. fario and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). The following results were obtained: 1. Storage of untreated semen for more than 1 h before cryopreservation decreased the postthaw fertility. 2. Equilibration of semen up to 20 min in the extender did not affect the postthaw fertility. 3. Optimal dilution ratio of semen in the extender was threefold in Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salvelinus fontinalis. Lower dilution ratios decreased the postthaw fertility, higher dilution ratios did not affect the postthaw fertility. In Salmo trutta f. lacustris and Salmo trutta f. fario, which have a higher sperm density, optimal dilution ratio of semen in the extender was fivefold to sevenfold. 4. In Oncorhynchus mykiss, as in Salmo trutta f lacustris and Salmo trutta f. fario, the optimal freezing height was at 1.5 cm above the level of liquid nitrogen (-110 ± 2oC); in Salvelinus fontinalis it was 2.5 cm above the level of liquid nitrogen (-92 ± 2oC). Changes in the freezing height of 0.5 cm (about 10oC) resulted in a significant decrease of postthaw fertility. 5. Storage of deep-frozen semen for up to 370 days in liquid nitrogen had no influence on its postthaw fertilization rate. 6. Storage of frozen/thawed semen for 30 s before insemination significantly decreased its postthaw fertility. 7. Reliable minimal sperm:egg ratio to obtain fertilization rates of 90-100% of control was 3-5 X 105 spermatozoa egg-1. 相似文献
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Chlamydiosis in workers at a duck farm and processing plant 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
DG HINTON A. SHIPLEY† JW GALVIN‡ JT HARKIN‡ RA BRUNTON† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):174-176
SUMMARY An outbreak of chlamydiosis was Investigated in workers at a duck farm and processing plant during winter 1989. Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from ducks, but there was little evidence of clinical chlamydiosis in the ducks. Serological tests showed that 76% of workers had been exposed to Infection, 12% recently, 16% had not been exposed and 8% had inconclusive test results. There was a strong association (P < 0.05) between years of employment and exposure to Infection. Infection appeared to be contracted during the first year of employment. Measures were Implemented to reduce shed contamination and control rodents and wild birds. At the same time, ducks were medicated, the processing plant was modified, work practices were altered and workers were advised about chlamydiosis to reduce the risk of human infection. 相似文献
9.
Language-relevant processing of auditory signals is lateralized and involves the posterior part of Brodmann area 22. We found that the functional lateralization in this area was accompanied by interhemispheric differences in the organization of the intrinsic microcircuitry. Neuronal tract tracing revealed a modular network of long-range intrinsic connections linking regularly spaced clusters of neurons. Although the cluster diameter was similar in both hemispheres, their spacing was about 20 percent larger in the left hemisphere. Assuming similar relations between functional and anatomical architecture as in visual cortex, the present data suggest that more functionally distinct columnar systems are included per surface unit in the left than in the right area 22. 相似文献
10.
为原核表达H3N2亚型犬流感病毒(CIV)HA1蛋白,本研究利用特异性引物扩增CIV H3分离株的HA1基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行序列测定。再将其亚克隆于pET-32a(+)中构建重组表达质粒pET-HA1。将该质粒转化于大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳分析,表达的重组蛋白约为58 ku。纯化的HA1蛋白经western blot和Dot-ELISA鉴定表明,表达的重组HA1蛋白可以与H3N2亚型CIV阳性血清发生特异性反应。 相似文献