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排序方式: 共有63条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Nicholas A Lyons Neal Alexander Katharina DC St?rk Thomas D Dulu Jonathan Rushton Paul EM Fine 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection of cloven hooved animals associated with severe economic losses when introduced into FMD-free countries. Information on the impact of the disease in FMDV-endemic countries is poorly characterised yet essential for the prioritisation of scarce resources for disease control programmes. A FMD (virus serotype SAT2) outbreak on a large-scale dairy farm in Nakuru County, Kenya provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of FMD on clinical mastitis and culling rate. A cohort approach followed animals over a 12-month period after the commencement of the outbreak. For culling, all animals were included; for mastitis, those over 18 months of age. FMD was recorded in 400/644 cattle over a 29-day period. During the follow-up period 76 animals were culled or died whilst in the over 18 month old cohort 63 developed clinical mastitis. Hazard ratios (HR) were generated using Cox regression accounting for non-proportional hazards by inclusion of time-varying effects. Univariable analysis showed FMD cases were culled sooner but there was no effect on clinical mastitis. After adjusting for possible confounders and inclusion of time-varying effects there was weak evidence to support an effect of FMD on culling (HR = 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.88-3.1, P = 0.12). For mastitis, there was stronger evidence of an increased rate in the first month after the onset of the outbreak (HR = 2.9, 95%CI 0.97-8.9, P = 0.057).
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0173-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献2.
Mira Fine Edna Sakal Dorit Vashdi Nava Chapnik-Cohen Violet Daniel Avigdor Levanon Orli Lipshitz Arieh Gertler 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):353-361
Carp growth hormone (cGH) cDNA, in which Cys-123 was mutated to Ala, was prepared, transferred to the expression vector, expressed
in Escherichia coli and the mutant was purified to homogeneity. The mutation only slightly improved yield of the monomeric fraction, indicating
that Cys-123 is not involved in improper refolding. As compared to cGH, the mutant (cGH-C123A) exhibited lower binding affinity
toward homologous liver receptors and lower bioactivity in a 3T3-F442A preadipocyte bioassay despite the fact that both hormones
exhibited almost identical cross-reactivity with anti-cGH antibodies. These results, along with those of a structural comparison
to hGH, suggest that Cys-123 is located in the hydrophobic core of the hormone, and is most likely affecting the conformation
of the binding site. Dimeric forms of the hormone and its mutant were less active than their respective monomers. Homologous
binding experiments using a carp liver microsomal fraction revealed a single receptor population with Kd = 0.77 nM and Bmax = 241 fmol/mg microsomal protein.
Résumé Un ADN complémentaire (cDNA) de l'hormone de croissance de carpe (cGH), dans lequel l'acide aminé Cys-123 a été muté en Ala, a été préparé, inséré dans un vecteur d'expression, et exprimé dans Escherichia coli. Le mutant a ensuite été purifié jusqu'à homogénéité. La mutation améliore seulement faiblement la production de la fraction monomérique, indiquant que le Cys-123 n'est pas impliqué dans un repliement erroné. Comparé à la cGH, sa forme mutée (cGH-C123A) montre une plus faible affinité de liaison vis à vis de récepteurs hépatiques homologues, et une plus faible activité biologique dans un test réalisé sur des préadipocytes 3T3-F442A; cela en dépit du fait que les deux hormones présentent des réactions croisées presque identiques avec un anticorps anti-cGH polyclonale. Ces résultats, associés à une comparaison à la structure de l'hGH, suggèrent que le Cys-123 est localisé dans la partie hydrophobique de l'hormone, et affecte, le plus vraisemblablement, la conformation du site de liaison. Les formes dimériques de l'hormone et de sa forme mutée sont moins actives que leurs monomères respectifs. Les études de liaison homologue, réalisées avec des fractions microsomales de foie, révèlent une population unique de récepteurs de Kd = 0,77 nM et de Bmax = 241 fmol/mg de proteine microsomale.相似文献
3.
ZS Perényi O Szenci PV Drion H Banga-Mboko NM Sousa B El Amiri JF Beckers 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(6):324-329
Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) isolated from the placenta of various ruminant species are enzymatically inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. The measurement of these proteins in the maternal blood can be a good indicator of the presence of a live embryo. As certain aspartic proteinases are present in biological fluids in physiological and pathological conditions at various concentrations, it was necessary to determine the specificity of three radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems currently used for the detection of PAG molecules. Commercially available members of the aspartic proteinase family like pepsinogen, pepsin, chymosin, rennet, cathepsin D and renin were tested in a wide concentration range (10 ng/ml – 1 mg/ml). Pepsinogen cross‐reacted in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. In the presence of pepsin, cross‐reaction was observed in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 500 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. Chymosin and rennet could cross‐react in RIA 2 and RIA 3, while renin and cathepsin D did not decrease the binding of the tracer to antisera more, than that of the minimal detection limit. As the plasma/serum concentrations of the examined aspartic proteinases reported in the literature were outside the concentration range where cross‐reaction was observed, it can be concluded that these RIA systems were specific for the detection of PAGs in biological fluids. 相似文献
4.
Amrakh I. Mamedov Benayahu Bar‐Yosef Irit Levkovich Rivka Rosenberg Avner Silber Pinchas Fine Guy J. Levy 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(6):1629-1639
Application of organic wastes to cultivated lands can replace mineral fertilizers but may also alter soil physical properties and enhance pollution potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids [composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS)] and specific biosolid component [orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) and humic acid (HA)] application on soils differing in texture [loamy‐sand (Ramat‐HaKovesh, RH), loam (Gilat, GL) and clay (Bet‐Dagan, BD)], infiltration rate, runoff volume and soil sediment loss. The soils were packed in erosion boxes (400 × 200 × 40 mm) and subjected to six consecutive simulated rainstorms, each of 186 mm deionized water. The results showed that runoff volume and sediment loss from untreated soils increased with increasing clay contents. In treated soils, the response to AS application differed from the response to other amendments; in the BD clay and GL loam, it was the only amendment that caused a decrease in sediment removed by runoff. In the RH loamy‐sand, all amendments reduced the final infiltration rate, but only AS and HA increased the measured runoff. It is proposed that the difference in the response of the soils to the amendments is associated with the soil's ability to attenuate changes in the negative charge on the clay edges following the increase in the specific adsorption of charged anions, thus controlling clay swelling and maintaining aggregate integrity. The effects of amending soils with a source of organic matter in order to control runoff and soil erosion are not straight forward and depend on soil and amendment properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
6.
In an edaphically heterogeneous area in the Peruvian Amazon, clay soils and nutrient-poor white sands each harbor distinctive plant communities. To determine whether a trade-off between growth and antiherbivore defense enforces habitat specialization on these two soil types, we conducted a reciprocal transplant study of seedlings of 20 species from six genera of phylogenetically independent pairs of edaphic specialist trees and manipulated the presence of herbivores. Clay specialist species grew significantly faster than white-sand specialists in both soil types when protected from herbivores. However, when unprotected, white-sand specialists dominated in white-sand forests and clay specialists dominated in clay forests. Therefore, habitat specialization in this system results from an interaction of herbivore pressure with soil type. 相似文献
7.
The magnitude of the hydrophobic effect, as measured from the surface area dependence of the solubilities of hydrocarbons in water, is generally thought to be about 25 calories per mole per square angstrom (cal mol-1 A-2). However, the surface tension at a hydrocarbon-water interface, which is a "macroscopic" measure of the hydrophobic effect, is approximately 72 cal mol-1 A-2. In an attempt to reconcile these values, alkane solubility data have been reevaluated to account for solute-solvent size differences, leading to a revised "microscopic" hydrophobic effect of 47 cal mol-1 A-2. This value, when used in a simple geometric model for the curvature dependence of the hydrophobic effect, predicts a macroscopic alkane-water surface tension that is close to the macroscopic value. 相似文献
8.
Several cell lines that were derived from primates and inoculated with virus originally obtained from a spontaneous mammary carcinoma showed cytopathic effects characterized by multinucleation. These cytopathic effects appeared as early as 24 holurs after inoculation. Multinucleated cells contained virus particles characteristic of the original virus isolate. 相似文献
9.
10.
Wood AC Fine DM Spier AW Eyster GE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(12):1901-1904
CASE DESCRIPTION-A 12-week-old female English Springer Spaniel was evaluated for lethargy, vomiting, and pyrexia 1 week after treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) via coil occlusion. CLINICAL FINDINGS-Test results were consistent with septicemia, and the assumption was made that the PDA occlusion coils were infected. Radiography revealed partial migration of the coil mass into the pulmonary artery and signs of congestive heart failure. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME-After successful treatment of the septicemia and heart failure, surgical removal of the coils and resection of the PDA were undertaken. Although the coil that embolized to the pulmonary vasculature was left in place, the dog's clinical signs resolved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-This case highlights the fact that as PDA coil occlusion devices become more widely used in dogs, practitioners must be prepared to treat implant infections aggressively, with both medical and surgical interventions if necessary. 相似文献