Implementation of two high through-put techniques in a novel application: detecting point mutations in large EMS mutated plant populations

Background  

The establishment of mutant populations together with the strategies for targeted mutation detection has been applied successfully to a large number of organisms including many species in the plant kingdom. Considerable efforts have been invested into research on tomato as a model for berry-fruit plants. With the progress of the tomato sequencing project, reverse genetics becomes an obvious and achievable goal.     

Reproductive Performance and Reconception of Nellore Cows According to Their Pure‐ or Cross‐Bred Calves

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a calf's genetic group on the productive and reproductive efficiency of its Nellore dam. Fixed‐time artificial insemination was applied to 800 cows using semen extracted from Nellore, Simmental and Angus Red bulls. Four hundred eleven cows calved, producing 119 Nellore, 103 ½Simmental–½Nellore and 189 ½Nellore–½Angus Red calves. The second mating period, which paired Nellore cows with Simmental bulls, was initiated 10 days after parturitions began and lasted for 5 months. Based on the two successive parturitions, the cumulative parturition rate for calving periods of 3, 4 and 5 months was calculated. Although no significant difference was observed for birth weight among the genetic groups, cross‐bred calves weighed, on average, 10% more than did pure‐bred calves at the age of 205 days. Nellore dams experienced a gestation period that was 7 days longer than did the cross‐bred dams, and the former showed a higher parturition rate at 90 and 120 days of the calving season, but not at 150 days (calving rates of 80.6, 76.4 and 76.2% for mothers of Nellore, ½Nellore–½Angus Red and ½Nellore–½Simmental, respectively, p > 0.05). At 90 and 120 days, Nellore dams produced more kg of calf per mated dam. In conclusion, in a short breeding season, Nellore dams nursing pure‐bred Nellore calves were found to have a higher biological efficiency compared with Nellore dams nursing cross‐bred calves.     

Physiological and biochemical consequences of electroimobilisation in conscious sheep

An electroimmobilisation device has been developed to facilitate the automated shearing of sheep, but there is little information on its effects on the body. We have studied its effects on the cardiovascular system and on intermediary metabolism in sheep. Electroimmobilisation caused statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, renal and hepatic and hindquarter glucose and lactate flux, organ and whole body oxygen flux, hindquarter blood flow and core temperature and decreases in arterial and posterior vena cava blood pH, renal and hepatic blood flow and PaCO2. Notably, no change occurred in PaO2. The metabolic changes demonstrated the capacity of sheep to respond to the increased muscular and cardiovascular work induced by electroimmobilisation. Pulmonary function was not compromised during electroimmobilisation as judged from blood gas changes, and the acid/base changes were rapidly reversed after electroimmobilisation. The recovery to control conditions for all perturbations generally took no longer than 30 min, consistent with a rapid and physiologically adequate reversal by the animal's homeostatic mechanisms.     

Imaging of intermittency in ripple-wave turbulence

The dynamics of a fluid surface filled with high-amplitude ripples were studied with a technique (diffusing light photography) that resolves the height at all locations instantaneously. Even when nonlinearities are strong enough to generate a (Kolmogorov) cascade from long wavelength (where energy is input) to shorter wavelength, the resulting turbulent state contains large coherent spatial structures. The appearance of these structures in a thermal equilibrium state (with the same average energy) would be highly improbable.     

原尾蜥虎个体状态及主要贮能部位水分含量 及能值的周年变化

研究了原尾蜥虎的个体状态、主要贮能部位水分含量和能值的周年变化。于2009年11月-2010年10月期间逐月捕捉动物,经过测量形态、称重后,解剖分离成去尾躯干,肝脏和尾部3个部分。所有样品经65°C恒温烘干至恒重后,索氏脂肪提取仪测定脂肪含量,微电脑热量计测定能值。结果显示:(1)个体状态在月份间存在显著差异;(2)雄体去尾躯干水分含量明显高于雌体,去尾躯干、肝脏和尾部的水分含量存在明显的月份间差异;(3)雄体去尾躯干和肝脏的能值明显高于雌体,雌体尾部的能值明显高于雄体,去尾躯干、肝脏和尾部的能值存在明显的月份间差异。上述结果表明,原尾蜥虎去尾躯干、肝脏以及尾部的能值的周年变化与繁殖和冬眠以及食物资源等有密切联系。繁殖期适度贮能有利于增加雄体活动灵敏性,提高繁殖成功率;有利于增加雌体繁殖输出,提高个体的适合度。     

Effect of Chemical or Electrical Activation of Bovine Oocytes on Blastocyst Development and Quality

Activation of in vitro‐matured (IVM) oocytes is essential for successful embryo production following nuclear transfer (NT) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This study was designed to compare the rates of blastocyst production and embryo quality (as measured by numbers of viable cells) following parthenogenetic activation with electrical pulse or the use of two different calcium ionophores, A23187 (CA) or ionomycin (IO), with or without the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA). IVM oocytes with a first polar body were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: CA (5 μm CA, 5 min; n = 88), CA + BSA (5 μm CA, 5 min; BSA, 5 min; n = 90), IO (5 μm IO, 5 min; n = 91), IO + BSA (5 μm IO, 5 min; BSA, 5 min; n = 86) and EL (two pulses of 1.5 kV/cm, 20 μs; n = 120). Blastocyst rates were higher (p < 0.05) for CA (54.4%), IO (51.4%) and EL (54.5%) than for IO + BSA (18.3%). Treatment CA + BSA (39.8%) did not differ from the others. There was no difference (p > 0.05) among treatments in total number of cells. However, the percentage of viable cells was reduced in CA (49.9%), CA + BSA (45.8%), IO (64.9%), IO + BSA (50.9%) compared with EL (82.7%). In summary, the addition of BSA to the IO treatment had an adverse effect on blastocyst production rates. Although there was no difference between electrical stimulation and chemical activation on blastocyst production rates, electrical activation resulted in blastocysts with a higher percentage of viable cells.     

基于北斗VMS数据和DBSCAN算法的夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布

2020年我国伏季休渔期间中国毛虾（Acetes chinensis）限额捕捞试点在黄海海州湾实施,2021年该限额捕捞项目继续实施,在此背景下探究夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布对其限额捕捞精细化管理至关重要。本文首先基于2021年海州湾中国毛虾限额捕捞期间北斗渔船监控系统（Vessel monitoring system,VMS） 数据提取得到各毛虾张网渔船所有捕捞网位点及其捕捞努力量,然后运用具有噪声的密度聚类（Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSCAN）算法进一步识别含有捕捞产量的网位点,从而探究夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布格局。结果显示,含有产量的网位点识别率为97.18％,表明DBSCAN算法能精准识别含有产量的捕捞网位点。含有产量的网位点共有898个,空间上呈聚集性分布。依据捕捞努力量情况探究得到中国毛虾资源主要分布在120°00′E~120°15′E,34°43′N~34°48′N 和119°47′E~119°53′E,34°36′N~34°43′N。本研究思路可作为其它渔业捕捞活动中运用VMS数据提取含产量捕捞网位点的科学参考。     

黄果西番莲的染色体核型分析

用正红花油预处理、无解离涂片和Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色的方法对黄果西番莲的染色体核型进行观察和分析，其核型为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８＝１２ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ；按Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ核型分类标准，属于２Ａ型。