Reduction of Salmonella and fecal contamination of pork during swine slaughter.

Experiments were designed to reduce Salmonella and fecal contamination of pork, using several sanitizing methods and agents. Sanitizing the hauling vehicle and holding pens with chlorine or quaternary ammonium compounds proved ineffective in reducing carcass contamination. When the eviscerator wore a plastic glove and sanitized his knife in 82-C water before using it on each carcass, contamination was reduced about 50%. Sanitizing the eviscerator's knife in 500-ppm chlorine solution adjusted to a pH of 6.0, or in 25-ppm iodine solution reduced contamination approximately 75%.     

Three-dimensional deformation measured in an alaskan glacier

Measurements of movement along 28 boreholes reveal the three-dimensional flow field in a 6 million cubic meter reach of Worthington Glacier, a temperate valley glacier located in Alaska. Sliding at the bed accounted for 60 to 70 percent of the glacier's surface motion. Strain rates in the ice were low from the surface to a depth of about 120 meters, but then increased rapidly toward the bed. Ice deformation was not affected by temporal changes in the sliding rate. The three-dimensional pattern of motion indicates that plane strain, which is often assumed by models, is a poor approximation of this viscous flow.     

Report of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Canine Vaccine Task Force: executive summary and 2003 canine vaccine guidelines and recommendations

The AAHA has undertaken the development of this document in an effort to inform veterinary practitioners, clarify misunderstandings held by veterinarians, and encourage practitioners to recognize that immunization of patients is a medical procedure. As such, it is bound by the same tenets that govern the recommendation of other medical procedures-principally, that it be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Many diseases we immunize against are ubiquitous. Many are serious and some even life threatening. Some are of limited demographic concern given the exposure risk for each patient. These factors have all been considered in developing the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. In the end, each veterinarian must do what he or she determines to be in the best interest of the patient. Vaccination of individual animals produces not only individual immunity but also population or herd immunity. Since we have no readily available and reliable way to determine if each patient has developed an adequate immune response, we encourage the practice philosophy of vaccinating more patients while vaccinating each patient no more than needed.