MALDI‐MS Lipid Profiles of Oocytes Recovered by Ovum Pickup from Bos indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus with High vs Low Oocyte Yields

The aim of the present study was to compare the lipid profile in oocytes of indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus cows with high and low antral follicle count (AFC)/oocyte yields. After an OPU procedure (D0), antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted by ultrasonography (D4, 19, 34, 49, 64), and cows were assigned to groups with either high AFC (≥30 follicles; indicus, NH group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AH group) or low AFC (≤15 antral follicles; indicus, NL group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AL group). The lipid profiles of the oocytes were determined by MALDI‐MS. For GI, GII and GIII oocytes, the indicus samples tend to cluster separately from the 1/2 indicus × taurus samples. The lipid species [PC (P‐38:5) + H]⁺ and/or [PC (P‐36:2) + Na]⁺, [PC (38:2) + H]⁺, [PC (38:5) + Na]⁺ and [TAG (60:8) + NH⁴]⁺ were more abundant in indicus (NH and NL groups) than 1/2 indicus × taurus. The higher lipid content in the indicus oocytes likely reflects differences in the rate of lipid metabolism and may contribute to oocyte competence and embryo development.     

甘蓝型油菜高含油量隐性胞核雄性不育两型系的选育

采用复合回交方法,选育出甘蓝型油菜双低隐性核不育两型系。双低不育系121AB、123AB、175AB、932AB、933AB等表现高含油量、产量高等性状,品质优良。其中175AB、932AB、933AB含油量42．7％～44．0％,蛋白质含量24．2％～25．3％。组配的德油系列优质杂交油菜新组合在比较试验中均比对照种油研七号增产,增产率9．98％～27．34％,表现出较大的增产潜力。     

At-sea distribution of breeding Tristan albatrosses Diomedea dabbenena and potential interactions with pelagic longline fishing in the South Atlantic Ocean

The endangered Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena is restricted to Gough and Inaccessible Islands. The species is killed as bycatch by longline fisheries in the South Atlantic, but the impact of this mortality is unknown. We satellite tracked 38 breeding Tristan albatrosses and assessed the seasonal and annual at-sea distribution of these birds in relation to reported pelagic longline fishing effort. These birds ranged across the South Atlantic from 50°W to 15°E with most (97%) daytime satellite fixes between latitudes 30°S and 45°S. Considerable fishing effort occurred within the same latitudes. Although there was no correlation between their at-sea distributions, there was a broad overlap between birds and fishing effort. Estimated bycatch rates for Tristan albatross and other Diomedea species in the South Atlantic, and the spatio-temporal overlap between birds and hooks, yield a predicted annual mortality of 471-554 birds, sufficient to cause population decreases of 3.6-4.3% per year. An index of bird × hook interactions (proportional density of birds multiplied by number of hooks by decadal period for each 5° square of longitude and latitude) indicated that 47% of annual interactions occurred in areas around Gough Island, and 11% and 15% of interactions in areas of the west and east Atlantic, respectively. There were also within seasonal differences in the key areas of overlap. The fishing fleets of Taiwan and Japan are likely to be responsible for most interactions based upon the reported magnitude of effort expended in the South Atlantic by these fleets. Ensuring that licensed fishing vessels within the Tristan da Cunha Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) operate using best-practise mitigation measures and with fisheries observer programs, could reduce the potential bycatch mortality of breeding Tristan albatrosses in this region by nearly one third. Thorough implementation of international agreements is required in areas of the high seas where most remaining interactions are predicted to occur.     

The synergistic activity of tiamulin and chlortetracycline: in-feed treatment of bacterially complicated enzootic pneumonia in fattening pigs

The antibacterial effects of a combination of tiamulin and chlortetracycline in vitro against a number of field isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica were examined. There was a marked synergism between the two antibiotics against all eight isolates of P multocida, against seven of nine isolates of H pleuropneumoniae and against the single strain of B bronchiseptica tested. Two field trials were carried out on a herd with a history of complicated enzootic pneumonia where the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and P multocida had been established and subsequently the presence of H pleuropneumoniae was discovered. Feed containing tiamulin at 100 ppm combined with chlortetracycline at 300 ppm was given for seven days to pigs affected with pneumonia, and the results were compared with untreated controls and pigs receiving chlortetracycline at 300 ppm. There was a follow-up observation period of three weeks when all groups received unmedicated feed. During the medication period the combination treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in average daily weight gain of 156 g (20.4 per cent) and in feed conversion efficiency of 0.576 (20.8 per cent) and a numerical improvement in average disease score in comparison with the untreated controls. These improvements were approximately double those observed in the groups treated with 300 ppm chlortetracycline which showed improvements of 93 g (12.2 per cent) in average daily gain and 0.301 (10.9 per cent) in feed conversion efficiency. During the following three weeks most of the initial gains were lost, probably owing to the reinfection of the treated groups by the untreated controls.     

Valorization of biomass: deriving more value from waste

Most of the carbon-based compounds currently manufactured by the chemical industry are derived from petroleum. The rising cost and dwindling supply of oil have been focusing attention on possible routes to making chemicals, fuels, and solvents from biomass instead. In this context, many recent studies have assessed the relative merits of applying different dedicated crops to chemical production. Here, we highlight the opportunities for diverting existing residual biomass--the by-products of present agricultural and food-processing streams--to this end.     

虾蛋白肽对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

研究和探讨了虾加工副产物的酶解产物（Enzymatic Hydrolysis Production,EHP）对蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋品质的影响。以虾加工副产物为原料,应用复合生物酶酶解技术制备EHP,选择产蛋率在80%以上的300日龄笼养褐壳蛋鸡288只,随机分成3组,在基础日粮中分别添加0、1.5g/100g、3g/100g虾加工副产物EHP,并替代相应重量的鱼粉,试验期为60天。EHP,可显著提高鸡蛋的哈夫单位（P〈0.05）,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率平均提高3.14%,料蛋比相应低于对照组。表明虾加工副产物EHP可显著提高产蛋高峰期过后处于衰减期的鸡蛋的哈夫单位及产蛋率。     

Evaluating risks to seabirds on the urban–coastal interface: Modelling dog attacks on little penguin populations in Tasmania

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