Association of hyponatremia and hyperglycemia with outcome in dogs with congestive heart failure

Objective: To evaluate plasma sodium and glucose concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) prior to treatment and evaluate the differences between survivors and non‐survivors. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty‐nine dogs with CHF prior to receiving cardiac medication. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: The mean plasma sodium concentration in dogs with CHF was below the reference range (144–156 mmol/L) and significantly lower (P=0.009) in non‐survivors (141±6 mmol/L) compared with survivors (147±4 mmol/L). The mean plasma glucose concentration was above the reference range (76–117 mg/dL) and significantly higher (P=0.004) in non‐survivors (128±52 mg/dL) compared with survivors (100±13 mg/dL). Forty‐four percent of non‐survivors had concurrent low plasma sodium and high plasma glucose concentrations, whereas no survivors had both abnormalities (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Lower plasma sodium and higher plasma glucose are associated with a worse outcome in dogs with CHF.     

A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of the human genome draft sequence

We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.     

Interrelationships of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase system enzymes in the fasted Beagle

Eight adult female Beagles were fasted for 21 days to investigate responses of the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase system enzymes. Blood samples were collected once a week. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione was maintained within 10% of base-line value. Hexose monophosphate pathway dehydrogenases showed a significant inverse relationship to glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Further, active GR, as a percentage of total GR, increased as hexose monophosphate pathway dehydrogenase activity fell. A similar relationship between these enzymes has been reported in human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Also, glutathione peroxidase showed an inverse linear response to erythrocytic reduced glutathione. Though the responses of this system are complex, they appear interrelated.