猪繁殖与呼吸综合征引起的疾病风险评估

起始于2003年的开发工作已经完成了一个PRRS风险评估系统,利用该系统能够对会影响PRRS病毒被清除后的猪群是否能够保持PRRS阴性的风险因素进行评估.     

Effects of landscape structure on nest predation in roadsides of a midwestern agroecosystem: a multiscale analysis

Nest predation is an important cause of mortality for many bird species, especially in grassland ecosystems where generalist predators have responded positively to human disturbance and landscape fragmentation. Our study evaluated the influence of the composition and configuration of the surrounding landscape on nest predation. Transects consisting of 10 artificial ground nests each were set up in 136 roadsides in six watersheds in south-central Iowa. Nest predation on individual roadside transects ranged from 0 to 100% and averaged 23%. The relationship of landscape structure within spatially-nested landscapes surrounding each roadside transect (within 200, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 m of the transect line) to nest predation was evaluated by using multiple regression and canonical correlation analyses. The results of this multiscale landscape analysis demonstrated that predation on ground nests was affected by the surrounding landscape mosaic and that nest predators with different-sized home ranges and habitat affinities responded to landscapes in different ways. In general, wooded habitats were associated with greater nest predation, whereas herbaceous habitats (except alfalfa/pasture) either were associated with less nest predation or were not important. Different landscape variables were important at different spatial scales. Whereas some block-cover habitats such as woodland were important at all scales, others such as rowcrops and alfalfa/pasture were important at large scales. Some strip-cover habitats such as gravel roads and paved roads were important at small scales, but others such as wooded roadsides were important at all all scales. Most landscape metrics (e.g., mean patch size and edge density) were important at large scales. Our study demonstrated that the relationships between landscape structure and predator assemblages are complex, thus making efforts to enhance avian productivity in agricultural landscapes a difficult management goal.     

一例猪附红细胞体与弓形体混合感染的诊治

附红细胞体病是由立克次氏体引起的一种散在的热性、溶血性入畜共患传染病，病猪以急性黄疸性贫血和发热为特征。弓形体病是由刚地弓形虫在多种动物和入的有核细胞内寄生引起的一种入畜共患的原虫病。本文通过对某猪场发生猪附红细胞体与弓形体混合感染的诊治，从发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化、实验室诊断、治疗等方面对该病进行了阐述。     

Cloning,expression, purification,and biological activity of five feline type I interferons

Type I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defense against viral infections in mammals. In humans multiple subtypes of IFN-alpha exist, most of which possess antiviral activity. Little is known about the type I IFN genes in cats and the role they may play in feline immunological responses to viruses. We have isolated cDNAs encoding five feline IFN-alpha (feIFN) subtypes that share from 95 to 99% amino acid sequence identity. FeIFN-alpha5 has five additional amino acids inserted at position 139, which are not present in the other four subtypes. Sequence identity of the feIFN proteins encoded by the five clones compared to human IFN-alpha2 is approximately 60%. Unlike most of the human subtypes, each of the five feline IFN sequences has an N-glycosylation recognition site. Expression of all five feIFN-alpha subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and all resulting proteins were glycosylated. The antiviral activity of each feIFN-alpha subtype produced in transiently transfected CHO cell cultures was tested in vitro. In addition, subtype feIFN-alpha6 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. The resulting secreted mature recombinant protein was purified and demonstrated significant antiviral activity and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in vitro.     

Sources and inheritance of resistance to stemphylium leaf spot of lettuce

Summary None of the tested cultivars of lettuce was found resistant to Stemphylium leaf spot, a common disease in Israel. Within a Lactuca saligna population collected in wild lettuce in Israel, resistance was traced. Interspecific crosses of L. saligna x L. sativa were made and the mode of inheritance of resistance to this disease was studied. Resistance is apparently controlled by two genes: one dominant (Sm₁) and one recessive (sm₂).Contribution No. 1176-E 1984 series, from the ARO.     

小麦D~2型细胞质光敏雄性不育性的研究

D2型细胞质与有些普通小麦材料的细胞核互作,可产生特异核质互作不育现象,其中有的表现为长光照敏感型雄性不育。文章研究了具有D2型细胞质的光敏不育系Ae.crassa—Norin26、核质杂种NC2134及克引11、克引12在黑龙江省克山地区自然条件下的育性表现,并以NC2134为细胞质供体,与20个小麦品种(系)杂交,获得一些核质代换系材料,对其育性及主要性状进行观察研究。结果表明:(1)在自然条件下,播种期对育性有影响,随着播种期推迟,Ae.crassa—Norin26不育度增加,1 999年4月22日播种达到全不育,Norin26则在所设播种条件下表现正常可育;(2)NC2134表现可育,这与其可能携带雄性不育的恢复基因有关,克引11、克引12在正常播种情况下表现高度不育甚至全不育;(3)不育系的不育性表现为不同程度的雄蕊心皮化;(4)不同普通小麦材料其核质杂种育性表现不同,有些材料其核质代换低世代分离出一定比例的高不育、半不育及可育株,通过进一步的核置换,可转育成相应的D2型细胞质不育系。     

Excitation Gap in the Normal State of Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

Angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal evidence of an energy gap in the normal state excitation spectrum of the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. This gap exists only in underdoped samples and closes around the doping level at which the superconducting transition temperature Tc is a maximum. The momentum dependence and magnitude of the gap closely resemble those of the dx2-y2 gap observed in the superconducting state. This observation is consistent with results from several other experimental techniques, which also indicate the presence of a gap in the normal state. Some possible theoretical explanations for this effect are reviewed.