Effects of natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids on the tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus (skuse) and non-target flower-visiting insects in urban green areas of Padua,Italy

Abstract

The tiger mosquito is a key vector of several human diseases and is considered a public health concern worldwide. The implementation of strategies aimed at maximizing mosquito control without affecting non-target insect groups is of major importance. In a field trial, we tested the efficiency of a natural pyrethrum-based vs. a synthetic pyrethroid-based insecticide in reducing tiger mosquito population and how they affect the diversity of non-target flower-visiting insects in green urban areas. Only the pyrethroid insecticide was effective in reducing mosquito abundance, although its effects disappeared nine days after application. The two adulticides did not significantly affect the diversity of flower-visiting insects, probably because of their large body size and the difference in flying and foraging activity. To effectively control mosquito populations while preventing intoxication of non-target flower-visiting insects, adulticide applications should be applied early in the morning and only on bushes and trees. Results from our small-scale applications cannot be extrapolate when larger areas are treated.     

催乳保康散对奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治研究

我国奶牛乳房炎尤其是隐性乳房炎的发病率很高，一般隐性乳房炎的发病率达到20％～40％以上，甚至高达50％～80％。笔者根据传统的中兽医理论和最新的中草药研究成果，以及奶牛乳房炎的发病规律，以源自天然的毒副作用小、无残留、不易产生耐药性的中草药为原料，制成集增乳、保健、安全为一体的复合型绿色饲料添加剂催乳保康散，可以显著提高奶牛的产乳性能，为研究本饲料添加剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治效果，进行了本试验。     

转译过程中小RNA病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用

小RNA病毒的转译机制不同于真核细胞mRNA的转译机制,该类病毒是借助于内部核糖体进入位点来启动内部翻译过程的,同时还伴随着宿主细胞蛋白质合成的抑制过程.在此过程中,小RNA病毒与宿主细胞间发生了一系列复杂的相互作用和信息交流,本文对该领域的研究进展作了综述.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒南京株纤突S蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

参考 Genbank收录的 TGEV- Miller株的基因序列 ,自行设计合成 1对引物 (TGEVP5 /P6 ) ,对不同代次的 TGEV疫苗弱毒 STC3及种毒 、种毒 进行了 RT- PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,均出现 1条大约 12 6 2 bp的目的条带 ,经 Eco R 酶切 ,都产生了 871bp和391bp左右的两个片段 ,与预期大小相符。将种毒 RT- PCR扩增目的条带回收纯化后克隆入PMD18- T载体中 ,转化宿主菌 DH5 α,挑选阳性克隆 (命名为 PTs) ,提取重组质粒 ,用 Hpa 、Eco R 对重组质粒进行酶切鉴定以及 PCR扩增 ,然后进行序列测定 ,并进行了序列分析 ,证实与国外标准毒株 Miller、Fs772 / 70、Purdue、TO14等有较高的同源性     

抗霉菌素“120”与杀灭菊酯混用防治效果试验

抗霉菌素“120”是一种新的农用抗菌素,防治农作物上多种病害都有效。实验室试验证明;本剂与杀灭菌酯混用,对防治病害和虫害的效果没有不良影响,因此可以减少打药次数,有一定经济意义。     

The potential use of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase activity for the evaluation of hepatic disease in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

A reference interval for plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) (E.C. 1.4.1.3) activity, of 0-8 IU/L, was established for the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). An automated modification of a commercial manual assay was used. This enzyme is considered liver specific in humans and numerous domestic animals, due to its organ distribution. A similar distribution was found in cockatiels in this study. Maximal enzyme activity was recovered from liver and kidney homogenate supernatants. Minimal activity was detected in skeletal muscle preparations. These results suggest a potential use for plasma GD activity in the evaluation of hepatocelluar injury/necrosis in cockatiels.     

Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using serology and ultrasonography.

Five animals in a colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) died or were euthanatized because of alveolar echinococcosis, during a period of 5 years. The remainder of the colony was screened for possible infection with Echinococcus multilocularis, using serology and ultrasonography. A total of 46 animals out of a group of 55 were examined. The presence of anti-Em2 antibodies analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was demonstrated in 3 monkeys. In 2 of these 3 monkeys, multilocular structures compatible with metacestodal cysts in the liver were identified, using ultrasonography. The presence of alveolar echinococcosis was subsequently confirmed at postmortem examination in 1 animal. The other animals are still alive. Two other monkeys were negative in the serological examination but had cystic structures in the liver, which were identified as bile duct cysts at postmortem examination in 1 animal. The other monkey is still alive. These findings suggest that serology for antibodies against the Em2 antigen may represent a useful method in identifying animals that might be infected with E. multilocularis and are therefore at risk of developing fatal alveolar echinococcosis.     

Effect of cGMP on voltage-gated potassium channel in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from rats exposed to chronic hypoxia

AIM: To investigate the effect of cGMP on voltage-gated potassium channel in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. METHODS: (1) Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (group A) and chronic hypoxia group (group B). Then group B received hypoxia 8 hours per day for 4 consecutive weeks. (2) Single PASMC was obtained via acute enzyme separation method. (3) Conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record resting membrane potential (Em) and ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel. The changes of ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel before and after applying cGMP (1 mmol/L), an agonist of protein kinase G (PKG), and cGMP plus H-8 (1 mmol/L), an inhibitor of PKG were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The Em of group B were significantly lower than that of group A. The ion currents of voltage-gated potassium channel in group A and group B were all significantly inhibited by cGMP [control group: from (118.0±5.0) pA/pF to (89.9±16.5) pA/pF, n=6, P＜0.05;chronic hypoxia group: from (81.0±5.0) pA/pF to (56.8±9.1) pA/pF, n=6, P＜0.05]and these effects were reversed by H-8 [control group: from (119.2±10.3) pA/pF to (117.8±9.1) pA/pF, n=6, P＞0.05;chronic hypoxia group: from (96.8±6.2)　pA/pF to (98.0±2.2)　pA/pF, n=6, P＞0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The currents of voltage-gated potassium channel was inhibited by chronic hypoxic. The inhibitory effect of cGMP on currents of voltage-gated potassium channel in PASMCs from both normal and chronic hypoxic rats may be probably through the phosphorylation of voltage-gated potassium channel.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B—916防治水稻纹枯病的田间试验

１９９２～１９９４年在田间小区试验比较两个拮抗细菌（Ｂ－９１６、Ｐ－９１）和井岗霉素对水稻纹枯病的防治效果。１９９４～１９９５年在江苏省３个基点上进行了Ｂ－９１６防治纹枯病的大面积示范试验。Ｂ－９１６发酵液在田间对水稻纹枯病的为害有较强的控制能力，发酵含菌量为２．５４×１０１１～２．５４×１０１２ｃｆｕ／ｍＬ时，用量３．７５Ｌ／ｈｍ２的防治效果为５０．０％～８１．０％。