乙草胺防除花生田杂草试验

乙草胺防除花生田杂草试验迟玉成徐秀娟崔风高石延茂（山东省花生研究所２６６６０１花生田杂草种类多，数量大，是影响花生产量的主要因素之一。乙草胺是一种除草活性高，应用范围广、对花生安全的除草剂，我所受全国农药田间药效试验网委托，对杭州农药总厂生产５０％乙...     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。     

蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫的防治作用研究

通过应用不同浓度的蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫防治作用的研究,结果表明,蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫二龄幼虫和卵的孵化均有明显防治作用。蓖麻叶水提取液浓度为100g/L处理48h,花生根结线虫校正死亡率为81．25％,致死中浓度（LD50）为25．96g/L。蓖麻叶水提取液25g/L时处理10d对卵孵化抑制率达59．86％。     

保护性耕作的优势及其在花生生产中的应用前景

保护性耕作以少耕、免耕、残茬覆盖为主要方式。探讨了保护性耕作的定义及其相对于传统耕作技术的主要优势;总结了保护性耕作在花生生产中的进展情况;提出了花生保护性耕作中出现的病虫草害发生严重、机具配套不完善、田间低温和出苗不齐等主要问题及解决方法;对保护性耕作在花生生产中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

昆虫滞育虫态及感应光周期的敏感阶段

昆虫属变温动物,为度过不良环境条件,许多昆虫利用滞育特性适应环境的变化,通过对昆虫滞育及感应光周期的敏感阶段进行描述,拟让人们更清楚地了解昆虫滞育期及感应光周期敏感阶段昆虫生物学特性。     

稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响

目前南方大部分稻田采用连作耕作制度,并且滥用农药现象严重,这对农田生态环境造成极其不利的影响。为探讨稻田轮作对减轻稻田病、虫、草害的生态作用,本试验以长期水稻连作为对照,根据14年田间定位试验,详细研究了稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响。结果表明,稻田轮作在一定程度上能减轻稻田水稻的病虫草害。稻田轮作处理的早稻纹枯病发病率平均比连作处理低10%,病情指数低0.4%;晚稻纹枯病的病株率平均比连作处理低17.7%,病情指数低13.3%。轮作处理的早晚稻稻曲病的病株率和病情指数也都低于连作处理。轮作处理所受虫害比连作处理要轻,轮作稻纵卷叶螟造成的白叶率和二化螟造成的白叶率明显低于连作。轮作处理的杂草生长情况比连作处理弱。     

吴茱萸病虫害防治研究进展

概述了吴茱萸主要病虫害种类,介绍其了预测预报、农业防治、物理防治、化学防治等防治方法,并提出了生物防治技术和基因工程技术在其病虫害研究中的应用前景.     

8%辛硫磷微乳剂对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾的防治效果

采用盆栽法,测定8%辛硫磷微乳剂不同浓度对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾药后1~3 d虫口减退率和防治效果.结果表明,8%辛硫磷微乳剂375 g ai./hm2处理对蚜虫防效显著优于对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油375 g ai./hm2处理,93.75~187.5 g ai./hm2处理与对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油375 g ai./hm2处理无显著差异;8%辛硫磷微乳剂400 g ai./hm2处理对斜纹夜蛾防效与对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油400 g ai./hm2处理相当.8%辛硫磷微乳剂对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾具有良好的防治效果,可用于防治十字花科蔬菜蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾.