乙草胺防除花生田杂草试验

乙草胺防除花生田杂草试验迟玉成徐秀娟崔风高石延茂（山东省花生研究所２６６６０１花生田杂草种类多，数量大，是影响花生产量的主要因素之一。乙草胺是一种除草活性高，应用范围广、对花生安全的除草剂，我所受全国农药田间药效试验网委托，对杭州农药总厂生产５０％乙...     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

芸苔素内酯复配剂对花生条纹病毒病的田间药效评价

花生条纹病毒病(Peanut Stripe virus, PStV)在我国北方花生产区普遍发生,严重影响花生的产量和品质,本文研究了芸苔素内酯(Brassinolide)和宁南霉素(Ningnanmycin)对PStV的控制作用和对花生生长的影响,结果表明:单独施用芸苔素内酯或宁南霉素对PStV均有一定防治效果,防效在35%左右,两者复配对PStV的控制效果(45.0%)均高于单剂芸苔素内酯(36.1%)和宁南霉素(34.5%)处理,对花生生长和产量的促进作用较明显,两者复配对花生产量提高(35.6%)优于单剂芸苔素内酯(13.8%)和宁南霉素(21.2%)处理。     

不同花生品种对花生果腐病的抗性鉴定

采用自然病圃鉴定法,对76个花生品种（系）进行了花生果腐病抗性评价,以期为抗病育种及田间病害防 治提供理论依据和抗性材料。结果表明,不同花生品种间对花生果腐病的抗性存在着显著差异,供试76份花生品 种（系）中未发现对果腐病免疫的品种,获得高抗品种2个,抗病品种7个,中抗品种12个,感病品种21个,高感品种 33个。聚类分析结果表明,分支I中的9个品种（尤其是花育9115）抗性较好,可进一步加以利用。花生对果腐病的 抗感性与荚果鲜重之间不存在显著相关。     

慢生型花生根瘤菌培养基优化研究

研究了慢生型花生根瘤菌sdlx-04菌株在YMA、BSE、TY、SM 4种培养基中的生长情况并应用正交试验L9(34)对根瘤菌进行了培养基优化研究。结果表明,根瘤菌sdlx-04菌株在BSE培养基上生长最快,本试验条件下,适于sdlx-04菌株生长的优化培养基为以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基。     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫的防治作用研究

通过应用不同浓度的蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫防治作用的研究,结果表明,蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫二龄幼虫和卵的孵化均有明显防治作用。蓖麻叶水提取液浓度为100g/L处理48h,花生根结线虫校正死亡率为81．25％,致死中浓度（LD50）为25．96g/L。蓖麻叶水提取液25g/L时处理10d对卵孵化抑制率达59．86％。     

保护性耕作的优势及其在花生生产中的应用前景

保护性耕作以少耕、免耕、残茬覆盖为主要方式。探讨了保护性耕作的定义及其相对于传统耕作技术的主要优势;总结了保护性耕作在花生生产中的进展情况;提出了花生保护性耕作中出现的病虫草害发生严重、机具配套不完善、田间低温和出苗不齐等主要问题及解决方法;对保护性耕作在花生生产中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.