Comparison of diagnostics techniques in an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis from meat chickens

Various diagnostics techniques were compared for their ability to detect infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) during an outbreak in chickens aged between 4 and 21 wk. Gross lesions ranged from excess mucus to accumulation of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the larynx and trachea. Syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in sinus, conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac. Virus isolation in chicken embryos was attempted in every case. Negative-stain electron microscopy detected herpesvirus in only 6% of the cases. Yet, isolation of ILT virus in the chorioallantoic membrane was presumed by histology in >20% of the samples and confirmed by fluorescent antibody (FA) in 35% of the embryos inoculated with conjunctivas or tracheas from affected birds. Overall, results from histology and FA tests were highly correlated. FA test has the advantage over histology of being diagnostically specific for ILT virus. Polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive test and detected the viral DNA even in cases where histology and FA were negative. ILT virus DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Re-Ti ILTV). Histologic and FA results from larynx and trachea were negative if the concentration of the viral DNA was < or =4 of log10. A viral DNA concentration higher than log10 4, as determined by Re-Ti ILTV, was required for clinical ILT to be manifested.     

Evolution of wheat architecture,physiology, and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation: Lessons for crop improvement

In recent decades, genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops, including wheat, has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand, particularly in the face of climate change. To reverse this situation, and in view of the future climate scenario, there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity, quality, stability, and adaptation to local agro-environments. The abundant genetic resources and l...     

浙鲜9号的航天选育与特征特性分析

为探究航天诱变对大豆主要农艺性状的影响,本研究比较了航天诱变选育新品种浙鲜9号与其亲本台湾75在生育期、产量、品质、抗病性等方面的差异。结果表明,浙鲜9号播种至采收生育期比亲本短2 d,株高矮7 cm,鲜百荚重高6.1 g,鲜百粒重低2.2 g,青荚色比亲本淡,两年区域试验平均鲜荚产量较亲本显著增加9.4%。浙鲜9号不仅保留了亲本口感甜糯的优良品质,而且对大豆花叶病毒病的抗性有大幅度提高。利用60对核心SSR引物对二者进行分析,在Satt184、Satt197、Sat_-213等10个标记间发现多态性位点,引物多态性率为16.7%,Sat_-213为大豆花叶病毒病抗性基因Rsc15相关分子标记,这从分子水平证实了浙鲜9号抗性的改良。采用100个SNP标记对二者进行分析,有5个SNP标记在二者之间存在差异。浙鲜9号与亲本主要特征特性和DNA分子标记的对比研究均充分证明了航天诱变育种的有效性和可靠性。     

Fluorescence, browning index, and color in infant formulas during storage

Free and total fluorescent compounds, browning index, and color formation were measured in milk-based powdered infant formulas (IF) during 2 years of storage at 20 and 37 degrees C. The excitation spectra from 415 nm emission show three peaks (ex lambda1 = 270 nm, lambda2 = 325/315 nm, lambda3 = 350 nm) and from 347 nm excitation two emission peaks (415 and 520 nm), and no wavelength shifts were observed. Temperature and time of storage exert in general no significant effect on the development of fluorescence emission intensity and browning index. However, an important increase in pentodilysine was recorded-probably because of the iron and ascorbic acid contents of the samples-as well as in browning index in adapted IF. In both IF a color increase (deltaE) throughout storage was observed, this increase being greater in samples stored at 37 degrees C than in those stored at 20 degrees C. The increase in color with time fitted a linear regression model. Color appeared to be an indicator of sufficient sensitivity to measure the effect of temperature or storage time.     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Bread Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Using an Intervarietal Cross and QTL Map for Spike Related Traits

Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not be polymorphic among the varieties used in breeding. For the past nine years, intraspecific maps have been gaining importance and such maps based on Swiss （PaiUard et al., 2003）, Japanese （Suenaga et al., 2005）, Australian （Chaimcrs et al., 2001） wheat varieties arc available. A map based on Indian wheat varieties however has not been reported. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two Indian bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties, Sonalika and Kalyansona. One hundred and fifty F2 individuals were analyzed for arbitrarilyprimed polymerase Chain reaction （AP-PCR）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR）, Sequence Tagged Microsatelhte Sites （STMS）, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） markers, seed storage proteins and known genes. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 236 markers and spanning a distance of 3 639 cM with 1 211.2 cM for A genome, 1 669.2 cM for B genome, 192.4 cM for D genome and 566.2 cM for unassigned groups,     

Enzyme-mediated solvent extraction of carotenoids from marigold flower (Tagetes erecta)

Marigold flowers are the most important source of carotenoids for application in the food industry. However, the extraction gives almost 50% losses of the carotenoids depending on conditions for silaging, drying, and solvent extraction. In the past decades, macerating enzymes have been successfully applied to improve the extraction yield of valued compounds from natural products. In this work, an alternative extraction process for carotenoids is proposed, consisting of a simultaneous enzymatic treatment and solvent extraction. The proposed process employs milled fresh flowers directly as raw material, eliminating the inefficient silage and drying operations as well as the generation of hard to deal with aqueous effluents present in traditional processes. The process developed was tested at the 80 L scale, where under optimal conditions a carotenoid recovery yield of 97% was obtained.     

菜用大豆品质和产量性状的评述

综述了菜用大豆的品质、产量等性状的研究现状、指出了菜用大豆生产、经营中所存在的总是，并对菜用大豆今后的发展指出了方向。     

高蛋白大豆新品种长江春1号的选育及栽培技术

高蛋白大豆新品种长江春1号是重庆市农业科学院和浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术研究所共同选育的大豆新品种。2008—2009年参加重庆市大豆品种区域试验,2年平均产量2499.08kg/hm2,比对照浙春3号增产15.49%;2009年在重庆市生产试验中平均产量2431.65kg/hm2,比对照增产13.15%。2010年4月通过重庆市品种审定委员会审定。该品种的主要特点是春性中熟、高蛋白(粗蛋白含量为47.62%)、高产、稳产、抗病虫、抗倒伏、外观商品性状优良,在重庆各区县皆可种植。     

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。