排序方式: 共有42条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
不同轮作序列对旱地胡麻土壤有机碳稳定性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探索陇中黄土高原半干旱丘陵沟壑区胡麻轮作序列对土壤碳库的影响,2012-2016年通过4年定位试验,以连作为对照,研究了不同胡麻频率下的轮作序列(F:休闲;PWFW:25%Flax、马铃薯-小麦-胡麻-小麦;WFWP:25%Flax、小麦-胡麻-小麦-马铃薯;FWPF:50%Flax、胡麻-小麦-马铃薯-胡麻;WPFF:50%Flax、小麦-马铃薯-胡麻-胡麻;FFFF:100%Flax、胡麻-胡麻-胡麻-胡麻)对土壤团聚体、总有机碳(TOC)、土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)、土壤微生物碳(MBC)和氮(MBN)的影响。结果表明,休闲、不同轮作序列和低胡麻频率显著增加了030 cm土层<0.25 mm粒级的土壤团聚体含量、TOC和POC含量,而随胡麻频率的增加三者的含量呈下降趋势。其中,25%Flax处理下土壤团聚体含量较播前和休闲处理分别显著增加了2.02%4.04%和9.56%11.73%;土壤有机碳(SOC)较连作显著增加5.95%7.48%。50%Flax处理下胡麻位置对土壤SOC影响显著,且轮作(FWPF)显著高于连作(WPFF)。060 cm土层土壤SOC含量表现为休闲>播前≈25%Flax>50%Flax>100%Flax。与连作相比,轮作显著提高了010 cm土层土壤TOC和POC含量,呈现表层富集现象。土壤POC含量表现为25%Flax≈休闲>50%Flax>100%Flax。此外,轮作换茬显著增加了土壤MBC含量,且随着胡麻频率的增加,030 cm土层土壤MBC含量逐渐降低。与播前、休闲、轮作相比,连作显著降低土壤微生物碳氮比,50%Flax(WPFF)轮作序列和土层深度对土壤有机碳和微生物量的互作效应显著。综合来看,休闲可以显著改善土壤理化性状,25%胡麻频率的轮作序列利于保持土壤团聚体稳定性,增加土壤TOC、SOC和POC含量,而50%Flax轮作序列(WPFF)能够提高土壤微生物量和微生物碳氮比。表明25%胡麻频率的轮作序列均可维持土壤有机碳的稳定性,是旱地胡麻比较理想的轮作序列。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对胡麻干物质、氮素积累转运、胡麻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,旨在为干旱半干旱地区氮肥运筹方式的优化提供理论依据.【方法】在大田环境下,以不施氮(N0)为副对照.整个生育时期施肥总量为150 kg/hm2,全部基施(N1)为主对照,分析比较了4种氮肥运筹方式;N2(2/3基肥+1/3现蕾期追肥)、N3(1/2基肥+1/2现蕾期追肥)、N4(1/3基肥+2/3现蕾期追肥)、N5(1/3基肥+1/3分茎期追肥+1/3现蕾期追肥).【结果】采用适宜基追肥运筹氮肥能显著提高胡麻干物质与氮素积累和转运、产量和氮素利用率.追肥可以满足胡麻植株在盛花期吸收氮素高峰的需求,促进了植株对于同化物和氮素的积累能力.其中全生育期干物质和氮素总积累量均为N4、N5较高,且成熟期N5较N0、N1分别显著增加16.3%、5.0%... 相似文献
3.
以“坝选3号”胡麻为材料,研究了不施磷、低磷、中磷和高磷4 个不同施磷(P2O5)水平(0,35,70 和105kg/hm2)对胡麻植株中磷素累积、转运、分配和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,低磷、中磷和高磷水平时,胡麻各器官不同生育阶段磷素养分吸收和累积量的基本趋势一致,但其变化量与施磷量有极大关系。胡麻地上茎、叶、非籽粒和籽粒中,磷素的日增量增幅因器官而异;胡麻只有叶片中有磷素转移,中磷处理比低磷和高磷处理磷转移量增加54.93%~73.83%和8.19%~10.00%(P<0.05),籽粒中20.46%~35.93% 的磷素是靠叶片转运而来。胡麻植株磷素累积主要在生殖生长阶段,占整个生育期总累积量的79.02%~92.17%。施磷(P2O5)量为70kg/hm2时磷肥表观利用率和农学效率最高,分别为20.22%~20.53%和7.30~7.44kg/kg。胡麻产量随施磷量增加而增加,增幅最高达28.96%~31.46%。结合产量与磷肥表观利用率和农学效率,本实验区同等肥力土壤条件下,以施磷(P2O5)量为70kg/hm2(中磷)为宜。 相似文献
4.
为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P0:0 kg·hm-2 P2O5,P1:67.5 kg·hm-2 P2O5,P2:135 kg·hm-2 P2O5)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA3)喷施浓度(G0:0 mg L-1,G1:15 mg·L-1,G2:30 mg·L-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho... 相似文献
5.
【目的】探究两种不同生物有机肥(肉蛋白生物有机肥M1和爸爱我生物有机肥M2)替代部分化肥对旱地胡麻减肥增产的效果。【方法】以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了常规施肥(CF)、70%CF+30%生物有机肥(30%M1、30%M2)、40%CF+60%生物有机肥(60%M1、60%M2)和10%CF+90%生物有机肥(90%M1、90%M2)对旱地胡麻生长发育特性及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】生物有机肥替代化肥不仅显著提高了胡麻地上干物质最大积累速率和平均积累速率,而且增加了胡麻成熟期的干物质积累量和生殖器官干物质的分配,其中,30%M1干物质积累量增幅最大,较其他处理显著高出6.42%~41.74%,生殖器官干物质的分配较其他处理高0.23%~7.15%。生物有机肥替代化肥主要通过增加胡麻单株有效蒴果数和果粒数进而提高籽粒产量,30%M1和30%M2处理下胡... 相似文献
6.
7.
通过大田结合室内分析的方法,研究了不同氮磷配施方式下胡麻干物质的积累规律和产量形成.结果表明:单施低氮75kg/hm2和单施中磷150kg/hm2时胡麻植株的干物质积累最大,日均增加量分别达44.11mg/d,46.16mg/d,较不施肥分别提高22.84%和28.70%.配施氮磷均为150kg/hm2胡麻植株干物质积累及最终积累量最大,日均增加量达49.30mg/d,单株干物质积累量达4.95g,分别较不施肥提高了37.44%,37.03%.根、茎、叶、非籽粒、籽粒干物质的最终积累量和分配比率最大的处理分别为单施低磷(75kg/hm2)、施中氮(150kg/hm2)和高磷225kg/hm2、施中氮和低磷、单施中磷、施氮磷均为150kg/hm2,且单施低氮叶物质对籽粒的转移率和贡献率最大,较不施肥均有显著提高.施低氮和中磷胡麻的产量最大,达2 200.00kg/hm2,较不施肥提高36.43%.可见,150kg/hm2氮和150~225kg/hm2磷配施时胡麻的干物质积累量、籽粒干物质最终积累量和分配比率、产量均达最大. 相似文献
8.
This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns:Flax→flax →flax→flax[(F)FFF];Flax→wheat→potato→flax[(F)WPF];Flax→potato→flax→wheat[(F)PFW];Flax→ flax→wheat→potato[(F)FWP];Flax→wheat→flax→potato[(F)WFP]and flax→wheat→potato→wheat[(F)WPW]. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield(29. 89%-109. 57%)in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was:(F)WPW>(F)FWP>(F)WFP>(F)PFW>(F)WPF>(F)FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively(P<0. 05),compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation: Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved. 相似文献
9.
10.
为探索西北旱区利于维护农田土壤良好的理化性质的种植制度,采用大田试验,以休闲处理为对照,研究了100% Flax、50% Flax(Ⅰ)、50% Flax(Ⅱ)和25% Flax 4个胡麻种植频率,100% Flax(Cont F),50% Flax(Ⅰ):WFPF、FPFW、PFWF、FWFP,50% Flax(Ⅱ):FWPF、WPFF、PFFW、FFWP,25% Flax:WPWF、PWFW、WFWP、FWPW,其中F为胡麻,P为马铃薯,W为小麦,共13个种植模式下农田土壤团聚体稳定性及其氮素含量的分布状况。结果表明:土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)与分形维数(D)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)之间呈极显著负相关关系,与0.5~1.0 mm粒径中NH4+-N含量和>2 mm粒径中NO3--N含量呈显著正相关关系,团聚体稳定性的增大显著提高了土壤中硝铵态氮含量。50% Flax(Ⅰ)胡麻种植频率以及马铃薯茬口显著增加了>0.25 mm粒径大团聚体含量、MWD和GMD,显著降低了土壤的D、PAD和土壤可蚀性(K);不同轮作模式下FWFP处理显著提高0.25~2.00 mm粒径水稳性大团聚体含量,显著增加土壤团聚体MWD和GMD和抗侵蚀能力,降低分形维数和团聚体破坏率,使其土壤团聚体结构越稳定。由此表明,FWFP轮作模式可显著提高土壤水稳性大团聚体含量,促进土壤大团聚体的形成,增加土壤团聚体稳定性,对我国北方胡麻轮作可持续发展具有重要指导意义。 相似文献