非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

小麦品种对赤霉病的慢病性研究

采用分生孢子悬浮液花期喷雾接种法,在大田研究了12个小麦品种对赤霉病菌的抗病性,系统记载了小麦赤霉病病穗率和发病严重度,计算病情指数并进行曲线拟合,结果表明,小麦赤霉病病情指数发展过程符合Logistic模型。计算AUDPC并进行聚类分析,结果表明,12个小麦品种对赤霉病的抗病性可分为抗病性、慢病性和感病性3种类型。其中陕229、陕213、小偃135和88(1)16-9等品种具有群体慢发抗病性。     

小麦对全蚀病的抗性研究进展

小麦全蚀病是世界性分布的土传病害，它通过破坏寄主植物的根系使植株提前枯死，出现白穗现象。该病在我国近年来有逐渐加重的趋势，已引起了科研人员的普遍关注。但目前尚无理想的防治措施。     

大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）与小麦条点花叶病毒（WSMV）复合侵染小麦研究

利用病害严重度调查、病毒含量的ＥＬＩＳＡ测定及产量损失分析，研究了大麦黄矮病毒与小麦条点花叶病毒复合侵染对小麦及其相互间的影响，结果表明大麦黄矮病毒的侵染对继后侵染的小麦条点花叶病毒的增殖有促进作用。此外，本文还比较了ＢＷ１５５、Ｍｉｌａｎ和Ｌａｕｒａ品种对ＢＹＤＶ和ＷＳＭＶ的抗病性。     

Effects of growth factors (EGF,PDGF-BB and TGF-beta 1) on cultured equine epithelial cells and keratocytes: implications for wound healing

Objective The physiologic mechanisms involving growth factors, including PDGF‐BB, EGF, and TGF‐β1, as potent mediators of fibroblasts and epithelial cells in corneal wound healing remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine culture methods for equine epithelial cells and keratocytes and to investigate how exogenous growth factors influence proliferation of both cell types. Procedures Cell cultures were established from healthy corneas harvested from horses immediately following euthanasia and maintained using standard tissue culture protocols. To determine the effects of PDGF‐BB, EGF, TGF‐β1, keratocytes (1 × 10⁵/well) and epithelial cells (2 × 10⁵/well) were each cultured in 12 well plates and exposed separately to the growth factors. The cells were exposed to concentrations of EGF between 0 and 50 ng/mL; PDGF‐BB between 0 and 75 ng/mL; and TGF‐β1 between 0 and 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was measured using ³H‐thymidine assay and differences in growth determined using anova and Tukey's HSD test (P < 0.05). Results Epithelial cell and keratocyte cultures were successfully established. EGF maximally stimulated keratocyte and epithelial cells at 25 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. PDGF‐BB maximally stimulated keratocytes and epithelial cells at 50 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. TGF‐β1 inhibited keratocytes at 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, and epithelial cells at 1 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL. Conclusions Methods were established to maintain epithelial cells and keratocytes in vitro. PDGF‐BB and EGF stimulate, while TGF‐β1 inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and keratocytes. These growth factors may play a role in maintenance and repair of the equine cornea.     

海岸盐沼湿地细菌抗真菌活性研究

为了开发对植物病原真菌生长有抑制作用的药源微生物,本实验采用平板稀释法从江苏大丰盐沼湿地土壤中分离微生物,并通过菌丝块法检测这些微生物代谢产物对5种植物病原真菌生长的抑制活性,进而利用柱层析分析其活性成分;结果共分离得到235株细菌,其中好氧细菌92株,厌氧细菌143株;体外活性测试结果显示有65株至少对1种测试植物病原真菌的抑制率在30%以上,其中好氧菌39株,厌氧菌26株。从好氧和厌氧菌株中分别选取3株和1株具有不同抗菌类型的菌株进行大批发酵,用不同的方法对发酵液吸附,分离和纯化,获得抗真菌活性组分。可见,海岸盐沼湿地土壤中蕴涵着大量的细菌种群,约有28%的细菌菌株能够产生抗真菌活性物质,其中Y6、Y156和Y96的抗真菌活性物质极性较大,值得进一步开发。