Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Three SNPs within exons of INHA and ACVR2B genes are significantly associated with litter size in Dazu black goats

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within INHA and ACVR2B and litter size in Dazu black goats. In total, twenty-two SNPs were genotyped in 190 individuals by SNaPshot and resequencing. The results showed that three SNPs (SNP_1, SNP_12 and SNP_13 in this study) were detected to have significant additive genetic effect on the recorded goat litter size (p < .05). The SNP_1 (NC_030809.1), a non-synonymous substitution of G for T at chr2-g. 28314990 in the exon 2 of INHA gene (NM_001285606.1), resulted in homozygote 2 (HOM2) contributed 0.25 and heterozygote (HET) contributed 0.12 larger litter than homozygote 1 (HOM1). Meanwhile, SNP_12 (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T) and SNP_13 (Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) (NC_030829.1) simultaneously mutated at the first and third position of a triplet AAA (lysine, K) in the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene (XM_018066623.1) had estimated genetic effects of HOM1 (0.00) and HOM2 (0.03) larger than HET (−0.12). In conclusion, one SNPs (chr2-g. 28314990 T > G) within the exon 2 of INHA and two SNPs (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T and Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) i n the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene were highly recommended as candidate markers of litter size in Dazu black goats. A large-scale association study to assess the impact of these variants on litter size is still necessary.     

16份四川小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南抗条锈性表现

小麦条锈病我国小麦生产上的最主要的病害,种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效环保的措施。2014—2017年,先后对16份四川省小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南不同生态区的甘谷试验站和汪川良种场两地进行自然诱发鉴定,评价其抗病性。结果发现,所有供试品种均表现感病,川农10号等5份材料具有慢条锈性。     

苜蓿褐斑病抗性与几种同工酶的关系

以苜蓿5个品种在褐斑病抗性上存在差异的抗、感单株为材料，研究了接种病菌后苜蓿褐斑病抗性与多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及其酶活性的关系。研究结果表明，褐斑病侵染后，苜蓿抗病株系和感病株系叶片中PPO、POD和SOD同工酶谱带多少和强弱存在明显的差异，即大部分抗病株系PPO、POD和SOD酶活性高于感病株系，并有新的同工酶带出现。PPO、POD和SOD在苜蓿抗褐斑病上可能起到重要作用，其同工酶谱带和酶活性的差异有可能做为鉴定苜蓿抗褐斑病的一种同工酶标记。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病间接ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及初步应用

采用vero细胞增殖的IBDV抗原建立了间接ELISA，用于定量检测IBDV抗体。对该方法进行了标准化研究，确立了该方法的最佳工作条件。在此基础上研制了相应的诊断试剂盒，并对盒内各组分的性状、保存、质量控制以及诊断试剂盒的特异性、敏感性、可重复性、符合率、与国外同类产品的比较、保存期等进行了全面、详细的研究。结果表明，研制的试剂盒在-20℃保存至6个月时各项性能都很好。该试剂盒与进口试刺盒对同样血清样品检测，符合率为86．7％。间接ELISA试剂盒与琼扩试验的符合率为92，5％。该试刺盒可对大量血清样品进行检测，操作简单方便、结果特异性强、敏感性高、快速，更适合于大型鸡场IBD免疫抗体水平的监测及现地疫病诊断等需要。     

鸭瘟病毒的PCR检测及其产物分析

根据基因库中已有的鸭瘟 Ul6的序列 ,合成一对引物 ,对 3株鸭瘟病毒进行 PCR扩增 ,均扩增出大小约 42 0 bp的特异性片段。进行测序 ,结果表明 3个毒株扩增后的片段均为 42 1bp。经重复实验后确定最佳反应条件 ,按该条件对两例临床病料进行检测 ,结果均出现大小约为 42 0 bp的特异片段。PCR产物与 L ake Andes株的相关序列比较 ,广东毒株与 L ake Andes株同源性较高     

鸡空肠弯曲菌灭活苗的制备及其免疫保护试验研究

用分离到的空肠弯曲菌制备鸡空肠弯曲菌甲醛灭活疫苗 ,并进行了该病的免疫保护实验。制备 2× 10 9个 / m L浓度的细菌悬液 ,4m L / L浓度的甲醛溶液作用 12 h灭活后制成空肠弯曲菌灭活苗 ,免疫 2周龄的 SPF雏鸡 ,14 d后 ,进行攻击实验 ,观察其临床症状 ;并分别于感染后 7d和 14 d捕杀 ,观察病理学变化及进行细菌分离实验以揭示其保护率。结果表明 ,鸡空肠弯曲菌灭活苗的保护率可达 10 0 % ,说明该苗经口免疫后安全可靠 ,无毒副作用     

多层螺旋CT与核磁共振血管成像、数字减影对主动脉夹层诊断的比较研究

目的：比较多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT，MSCT)与核磁共振血管成像(MRA)、数字减影(DSA)对主动脉夹层(aortic dissection，AD)的诊断价值。方法：对17例AD患者行MSCT检查，并与MRA、DSA的检查结果进行比较。结果：对17例AD患者用MSCT、MRA、DSA都能作出诊断(按DeBakey分型，Ⅰ型有4例，Ⅱ型有1例，Ⅲ型有12例)，但只有MSCT能明确显示夹层的范围和分支的受累情况，以及剥离内膜瓣、裂口及主动脉的周围情况。而MRA对裂口的检出率只有21．74％，DSA可达87．0％。结论：MSCT对AD的分型以及破裂口的定位诊断更具准确性，对动脉分支显示更清晰。     

家蚕豆腐渣人工饲料及五龄期饲育研究

以３个栽培品种的冬芽为试验材料，分析了茎尖培养生长差异的生理原因．结果表明：添加果糖的效果优于蔗糖，而提高蔗糖浓度可以促进茎叶生长；不同品种茎尖的蔗糖酶活性存在较大差异，生长良好的品种（剑持）其蔗糖酶活性及酶蛋白含量高于生长较差的湖桑３２号和一之濑；茎尖内源激素含量及其比例差异明显．其中ＧＡ、ＡＢＡ含量及其比值剑持较高，其次为一之濑，湖桑３２号最低     

赤霉酸及矮壮素对苦瓜性别表现的影响

以兰山大白、株洲长白和英引３个苦瓜品种为材料进行外源激素处理对苦瓜植株性别表现影响的试验．结果表明，苗期进行ＧＡ３２５～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理有明显的促雌效果；ＣＣＣ５０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理则有促雄效果，但促雄程度因品种而异，ＣＣＣ５００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理对兰山大白有适度的促雌作用．外源激素处理对苦瓜植株性别分化的影响可持续８０ｄ以上．苦瓜第一雌花形成与茎尖ＧＡ３含量达到峰值有关，２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３处理使茎尖ＧＡ３含量的峰值提前出现而使第一雌花形成提早，而１００ｍｇ／ＬＣＣＣ处理使茎尖ＧＡ３含量先下降再逐渐回升而使植株第一雌花形成滞后