“三北”防护林甘青宁类型区土地沙漠化遥感调查研究

本文是“七五”期间“三北”防护林甘青宁类型区土地沙漠化遥感调查成果总结。该区沙漠化土地面积为２５８７８．３７ｋｍ２，其中轻度、中度、重度和极度沙漠化土地分别为３０２０．３０ｋｍ２，７２７７．４４ｋｍ２、７０８５．５９ｋｍ２ｔ和８４９５．０４ｋｍ２．文中对沙漠化土地的分布及影响因素进行了分析，最后筛出合理的农林牧用地结构。     

河南省承接产业转移的现状和特点

本文就河南省承接产业转移的需要,把快速调整产业结构、实现跨越式发展的现实,区域间的产业梯次分布转移的前提,河南省承接产业转移的时机条件,承接产业转移的势头,以及面临的差距、面临的竞争形势、区域竞争形势进行了阐述。     

现代婚礼花艺设计

随着我国经济的不断发展,人们生活水平的不断提高,对婚礼花艺的要求越来越高,对现代婚礼花艺设计的要求也越来越高。分析了不同人群花艺风格的需求,针对用户的需求量身设计,使现代婚礼更富特色与浪漫色彩,以推动花艺的发展,让现代婚礼花艺走进大众生活。摘要:     

钢球滚子弧面分度凸轮载荷分布

运用空间啮合原理和回转张量法,推导出凸轮滚道截形采用双圆弧结构时,钢球滚子弧面分度凸轮的廓面方程和啮合方程.应用赫兹接触理论和变形协调条件,推导出载荷在每个参与啮合钢球中的分配关系.通过实例计算,发现每个钢球上的载荷大小分配不同,在钢球的啮入、啮出点,钢球受力发生突变,参与啮合的钢球数目越多,每个钢球的受力越小.     

螺旋锥齿轮网络化制造集成平台研究

为提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度与效率,实现螺旋锥齿轮制造信息化,深入分析了螺旋锥齿轮网络化制造的信息流程,提出了一种螺旋锥齿轮网络化制造集成平台的功能体系结构,并通过Web服务技术实现了集成平台的应用集成与软件架构。通过搭建集成平台的原型系统和螺旋锥齿轮的联网加工试验,对该集成平台的可行性和实用性进行了验证。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙物质粒度特征

本文对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙粒、丘间地沙粒进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沙垅以极细沙为主,平均粒径３．０６Φ,沙粒从沙垅迎风侧到背风侧逐渐变细。沙丘沙比丘间地沙分选好,沙垅背风侧比迎风侧分选好。沙粒属极负偏,偏度－０．２２,丘间地沙比沙丘沙更趋向负偏。峰度１．３８,属尖峰态。粒径与偏度和峰度成正相关,分选和偏度成良好负相关。沙丘沙以单峰态为主,累积频率曲线为２～３段式,丘间地以双峰态为主,累积频率曲线为３～４段。大尺度地形对沙粒段式没有影响,对各段组分含量相对大小有影响。     

风沙流研究的历史、现状及其趋势

本文扼要回顾了风沙流的研究历史;简明评述了颗粒运动特征、风沙流结构、输沙率模型、起沙风模型、表面气流变化、风沙两相流等研究现状内容;就目前研究中存在的问题、研究趋势等方面作了探讨。     

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区苔藓内生细菌群落多样性分析

以延安市当地藓结皮中的土著优势种土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)、反扭藓(Timmiella anomala)和青藓(Brachythecium albicans)为研究对象,分析3种苔藓植株内生细菌的群落组成和多样性,揭示3种不同品种的苔藓植株内生细菌的群落结构及多样性差异。采用高通量测序技术分析3种苔藓植株内生细菌16S rRNA基因V3~V4 变异区序列,使用生物信息学方法分析3种苔藓内生细菌的群落结构及多样性。结果表明：土生对齿藓、反扭藓、青藓3种苔藓测序共获得178 173条有效序列,在97%一致性下共产生705个有效的OTUs。在门、纲和属水平上,土生对齿藓的优势类群分别是蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria,57.91%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.00%),γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,35.02%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,5.92%)和假单胞细菌属(Pseudomonas,24.92%)、(Massilia,6.26%);反扭藓分别为蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria,40.05%)、变形菌门( Proteobacteria,40.88%),α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,30.87%)和(Phytohabitans,4.10%)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,3.93%);青藓分别是蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria,80.49%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,15.26%),γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,7.66%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,7.45%)和假单胞细菌属(Pseudomonas,6.46%)。Alpha多样性和Beta多样性分析表明,反扭藓的Chao1指数(370.667)和Shannon指数(5.368)最大,基于韦恩图分析3种苔藓存在87个共有OTUs,土生对齿藓、反扭藓和青藓独有OTUs分别为7、175和13,说明3种苔藓不仅有较高的细菌多样性,还存在一定的差异。典范对应分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)结果表明,土壤中有效氮(AN)和有机质(OM)的含量是影响3种苔藓内生细菌的群落多样性变化的主要因素。3个不同品种的苔藓的内生细菌种类丰富,群落结构组成和丰度均存在较大的差异,且苔藓所生长的微环境如有效氮和有机质的含量会对其内生细菌群落结构和多样性有较大影响。本研究可为苔藓内生细菌菌种资源的开发和生产应用提供理论支持。     

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild and cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zanthoxylum</Emphasis> germplasms based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers

The genus Zanthoxylum, belonging to Rutaceae, has a long history of cultivation both for economic and chemical values in China. To effectively conserve and sustainably utilize this genus resource, a study on genetic diversity and relationships of Zanthoxylum germplasms was carried out by employing SRAP markers. We used 16 primer combinations to assess genetic variations and relationships among 175 accessions from eight cultivated provenances, including Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. A total of 145 clear repetitive and intense bands were yielded, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 100 % for per primer combination, indicating a relatively high diversity among Zanthoxylum germplasms. From a geographic perspective, the highest genetic diversity level was observed within Guizhou provenance (N _a  = 1.97, Ne = 1.52, H = 0.31, I = 0.46) while Henan provenance had the lowest genetic diversity (N _a  = 1.68, Ne = 1.45, H = 0.25, I = 0.37). Based on AMOVA results, the abundant genetic variation was mainly caused by variation of intra-provenances (84.96 %), rather than among provenances (15.038 %). The results indicated low genetic differentiation (G _st  = 0.133) and high gene flow (N _m  = 3.2605) among provenances. The neighbor-joining tree revealed that the 175 accessions could be divided into four groups, and groupings indicated a divergence between the cultivated accessions of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and Z. armatum DC. Moreover, three accessions of Z. piperitum DC. var. inerme without prickles introduced from Japan gathered one cluster. Cluster IV is composed of accessions of different geographical origin, including 11 wild species and 10 cultivated accessions of Z. bungeanum. The cluster analysis also reflected a relatively close relationship between the geographical origins and the classification of accessions in cluster I. Structure analysis indicated that collected Zanthoxylum accessions could be divided into two major groups. The information obtained from our research would benefit to make use of Zanthoxylum germplasms and assist the management of a Zanthoxylum germplasms collection.     

YQM预应力锚固体系挤压锚施工技术

通过工程实例介绍了挤压锚的施工原理、操作工艺，并提出在施工过程中应严格控制挤压锚的质量。