耐盐植物育种研究进展

 盐碱是中国农业生产和农林绿化大害，培养耐盐植物品种是发展盐碱地农业的关键，笔者对国内外耐盐植物育种方法、耐盐突变体的鉴定方法及进展情况进行了概述，提出了扩大品种资源，缩短育种时间的耐盐植物育种方法。     

Solving Method for Soil Spring Stiffness of Shallow Shield Tunneling

Based on complex variable theory in plane elasticity, the equivalent spring stiffness is derived from the analytical solution by means of simplifying shallow shield tunneling to semi-infinite plane with hole, which is applied to response displacement method. The performances of the analytical solution are evaluated and compared with that of the deep shield tunneling through a series of selected various tunnel depths and soil Poisson's ratios. The relation of compression and shear spring stiffness is discussed. Meanwhile, two factors affected soil spring stiffness, tunnel depth and soil Poisson's ratio, are also analyzed. It is shown that soil spring stiffness of shallow shield tunneling is different from that of deep shield tunneling, and the ratio of compression and shear spring stiffness varies along shallow shield tunneling. It is also found that the value and distribution law of soil spring stiffness of shallow shield tunneling greatly depend on tunnel depth and soil Poisson's ratio.     

长春市木本植物春季物候对气候变化的响应

根据中国物候观测网络长春观测站点的物候资料及国家气象中心提供的气象资料,采用相关分析、多元回归分析和数学模拟方法,分析了2003-2010年长春市木本植物春季物候与温度、日照、降水之间的相关关系,建立了模拟和预报4种木本植物开花始期的模型。结果表明：在各种气候因子中,温度对春季物候影响最大,日照、降水影响不显著;温度对春季物候影响集中在物候期前2个月,温度升高,春季物候期提前。春季物候期持续日数与1、2月份温度有关,分别与芽萌动期和展叶期成正相关和负相关。开花始期回归模型预测值与物候观测数值拟合较好,表明可以使用回归模型对长春几种木本开花期进行预测。     

杂交水稻两优2111产量与农艺性状的主成分分析

[目的]明确两系杂交水稻两优2111产量与重要农艺性状之间的相互关系.[方法]依据在云南省6个州市(县)两优2111的种植表现,运用主成分分析方法分析了两优2111的产量及其与10个重要农艺性状的相关关系.[结果]影响两优2111产量的最主要因素是穗粒数、实粒数、穗长、生育期和成穗率;其次是千粒重、结实率、有效穗和最高茎蘖数;再次是株高.[结论]两优2111在云南省各籼稻区推广种植时,应着重保证其穗部性状尤其是穗粒数和实粒数的增多,协调其他性状的发展以实现高产.     

Reduction in the Acute Toxicity of Explosive Wastewater Containing Toxic Nitroaromatic Compounds by a Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Pretreatment Process

The feasibility of using nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) treatment for reducing the acute toxicity of explosive wastewater, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water which contains highly toxic nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), has been investigated. The water quality was evaluated before and after nZVI treatment using several different analytical techniques, including UV?CVis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the wastewater was tested using a luminescence bacterium bioarray. The results indicated that the most significant toxic NACs, such as dinitrotoluene sulfonates, had been effectively removed from the TNT red water by nZVI together with the small amounts of other NACs. Following 1?h of the nZVI processing treatment, the acute toxicity of the TNT wastewater was reduced by approximately 94?%. This treatment would therefore be useful for the pretreatment of wastewaters prior to the application of a biological process. The reduction in the biotoxicity of the wastewater was based on the reductive conversion processes and adsorption behaviors of nZVI.     

基于倾角传感器的割台高度自适应调节系统

针对现有稻麦联合收获机割台高度自动调节系统存在传感器受环境干扰大、安装复杂和成本高等问题，提出一种基于车身倾角和割台倾角的割台高度间接测量方法，建立了相关的数学模型，并在此基础上研制一种基于倾角传感器的割台高度自适应调节系统。通过数学模型验证试验对比计算割台高度与实测割台高度以验证数学模型的准确性，并采用割台高度控制精度试验、系统响应速度试验和模拟田间过障试验验证基于倾角传感器的割台高度自适应调节系统的控制效果。结果表明:1)计算割台高度与实测割台高度变化曲线相关性系数为0.97，验证了数学模型的准确性；2)割台高度控制最大误差为18 mm；3)割台平均上升速度为0.22 m/s，下降速度0.17 m/s；4)在模拟田间过障试验中，相同过障条件下，开启该系统可将割台高度稳定性变异系数由未开启该系统条件下的10.77%降低为2.79%，鲁棒性好。本系统满足联合收获机的作业需求，适用于有小障碍物且较为平整的作业环境，可实现低成本、实时的自适应调节且安装方便。     

农用抗生素S—921有效组分的分离纯化及部分理化性质研究

通过酸性Ａｌ２Ｏ３柱层析将Ｓ－９２１抗生素的有效组分从该菌株发酵液中分离出，并经甲醇－乙醚溶剂系统纯化，获得晶品。对期部分理化性质研究的结果表明：该抗生素有效组分溶于水，微溶于甲醇，不溶于乙醚、氯仿等有机溶剂，１４０℃开始分解，其水溶液的ＰＨ为４．７，其水溶液在１００℃以内处理５ｍｉｎ，活性基本无变化，用１２１℃处理５ｍｉｎ，活性下降１／２，在水溶液中其紫外最大吸收在２９０ｎｍ、３０４ｎｍ及３１８     

影响青蒿成分（青蒿素）含量的因素研究

青蒿为抗疟药的原料，青蒿素是其有效抗疟成分。根据植物形态，将黄花蒿分为不同的茎色、叶色与叶型，测定了它们的青蒿素含量。并用白青杆青蒿栽培于不同生态条件下，以观察其青蒿素含量变化。试验表明，以白青杆青蒿、淡黄色叶与深（细）裂叶型的青蒿素含量最高；生态因子以灌县虹口乡、露地栽培、紫红坭与收获期在９月下旬的青蒿素含量最高。青蒿素含量分别为８．２‰，６．９３‰与１１．６‰。     

健康鸵鸟(1～6月龄)38项血清生化参数的测定

建立健康鸵鸟（Ｓｔｒｕｔｈｉｏｃａｍｅｌｕｓ）的血清全套生化参数,采用日本岛津ＣＬ ７２００型全自动生化分析仪,对３０只１～６月龄健康鸵鸟３８项血清生化参数进行测定．结果如下：（１）血清蛋白参数／ｇ·Ｌ－１：ＴＰ３１．８２,ＡＬＢ１５．４１,ＧＬＯ１６．１８（ＡＬＢ／ＧＬＯ０．９５）,Ａｐｏ Ａ１０．１２,Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．１４（Ａｐｏ Ａ１／Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．８０）;（２）血清酶参数／ｕ·Ｌ－１：ＡＬＴ１４．３,ＡＳＴ４５６．８（ＡＬＴ／ＡＳＴ０．３８）,ＧＧＴ３．４,ＬＤＨ１６０３．１,ＣＫ３９３６．８,ＣＫ ＭＢ１４３０．８,ＡＭＹ３４１５．１,ＡＫＰ５７１．７,ＨＢＤＨ３７３．３;（３）血清糖、蛋白质、脂类及其代谢产物参数／ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１：ＧＬＵ９．４１,ＴＲＩ１．９７,ＢＵＮ０．９４,ＬＤＬ２．１９,ＨＤＬ１．５４,ＣＨＯ３．５８（ＨＤＬ／ＣＨＯ０．４１）;ＣＲＥ１２．６５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１（ＢＵＮ／ＣＲＥ０．０６３）,ＵＡ５０５．２４μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＢＡ３７．１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＢＩＬ５．３２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＤＢＩＬ３．２１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＩＢＩＬ２．０８μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＴＴ４．１２ｕ;（?     

用非放射性原位杂交技术定位家猪PGD和HSL基因

用地高辛为标记物,以随机引物法标记猪ＰＧＤ ｃＤＮＡ和ＨＳＬ ｃＤＮＡ探针,经与半微量全血培养法制备的染色体进行原位杂交后,将猪ＰＧＤ和ＨＳＬ基因分别定位在猪６号染色体６ｑ＾２５和６ｃｅｎ－６ｑ＾２１区域。