果树技术经济效益评价的程序与方法研究

本文结合果树生产实际,阐述了果树生产技术经济效益评价研究的基本方法、基本程序步骤和各步骤实施的要求,对评价结果的分析方法进行了较为详细的说明。其中包括对比分析法、试算分析法、边际分析法在果树生产技术经济效益评价研究上的应用。同时本文对该课题中所涉及的几个果树技术的经济效益评价方法程序进行了各论。     

弱光条件下桃光合作用的动态变化及品种差异分析

就日光温室桃树光合生理进行了详尽的研究,结果表明:1d中叶温与气温以14:00时较高。遮阴明显地降低了到达叶片表面的有效光合辐射、叶温与气温。桃叶片的光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,峰值大约出现在上午10:00与下午14:00时;不同品种弱光下的光合速率有明显的差异,以NJN较高,其次为五月火与麦香。遮阴降低了桃叶片的光合速率,以NJN光合速率降低的较少,说明NJN能适应设施栽培。气孔阻力与蒸腾速率则随着遮阴程度的增加而增加。桃中位叶的光合速率较幼叶高。     

北京市标准化果园管理质量模糊综合评价研究——Ⅱ·BASIC程序设计

本文基于果园管理质量模糊综合评价的指标体系,单指标评价数学模型和综合评价数学模型的研究,编制了实施评价的BASIC程序。程序设计包括了原始数据输入与打印,评价结果打印,和评价咨询意见的输出等主要语句。利用本程序可以对被评价果园的管理质量进行优劣排序,亦可以对管理质量指标中较劣等的项目进行校正和提供校正咨询。     

观赏海棠愈伤组织的诱导与增殖

[目的]观赏海棠‘春雪’是一种广泛应用的观赏树木,主要进行无性繁殖.愈伤组织培养是植物进行无性繁殖的重要途径.[方法]以观赏海棠‘春雪’组培苗继代培养一个月后的叶片为材料,研究生长调节物质、温度、光照、放置方式以及不同外植体对其愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响.[结果结论]试验结果表明,叶片正放暗培养10 d有利于愈伤组织的诱导,其中以添加NAA 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L的MS培养基对致密型愈伤组织的诱导效果较好,添加2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.05 mg/L的MS培养基对疏松型愈伤组织的诱导效果较好.适宜致密型愈伤组织增殖的培养基为添加6-BA 4 mg/L,NAA 2 mg/L的MS培养基;适宜疏松型愈伤组织增殖的培养基为添加6-BA 0.01 mg/L,2,4-D 2 mg/L的MS培养基.碳氮浓度、光照及温度对两种愈伤组织增殖的影响各不相同.致密型愈伤组织在蔗糖质量浓度为70 g/L,NH4NO3质量浓度825 mg/L,光照时间24h,温度15℃时,愈伤组织的增殖量最大.疏松型愈伤组织在蔗糖质量浓度为30 g/L,NH4 NO3质量浓度3 300mg/L,光照时间16 h,温度26℃时,愈伤组织的增殖量最大.     

Assessment of soil aggregation properties after conversion from rice to greenhouse organic cultivation on SOC controlling mechanism

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Organic manure is beneficial for macro-aggregate formation and soil organic carbon (SOC), but how SOC change in aggregate fractions in time-series is still...     

Remediation of saline-sodic soil using organic and inorganic amendments: physical,chemical, and enzyme activity properties

Purpose

Crops grow poorly in saline-sodic soils, and the productivity of these soils can be dramatically improved with proper amendments. Current research mainly focuses on either organic or inorganic soil amendments, whereas few studies address options of combining organic and inorganic amendments. The objective of this study was to develop new organic and inorganic soil amendments which can lower the soil pH, replace sodium, and improve soil structure.

Materials and methods

Polyhalite (PL), microporous potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer (MF), furfural residue (FR), and fulvic acid (FA) were mixed with four different ratios to produce organic and inorganic soil amendments: PLFR, PLFA, MFFR, and MFFA. And their optimum mixing ratios were determined by comparing the potassium, calcium concentrations, and pH of filtrate after dissolution. Then, a leaching experiment was conducted by packing mixtures (mass ratio of soil to amendment = 219:1, equivalent to 13 t/hm²) of the saline-sodic soil with each one of these amendments plus two contrasts, gypsum (GP), and no amendment (CK). And the remediation effect was compared by pH, EC, ESP, texture, organic recombination degree of clay, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregates fraction, and enzyme (urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase) activities of soil.

Results and discussion

After four times leaching experiment, soil treated with PLFR had lower pH and 25.86% lower exchangeable sodium than untreated soils. The water-stable small macroaggregate fractions and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the MFFR-treated soils were significantly increased by 133% and 31%, respectively. Also, the total soil and heavy fraction organic carbons of the soils treated with MFFR in addition to its alkaline phosphatase activity were all significantly higher than the other treatments.

Conclusions

The results revealed that MFFR has more potential as a soil amendment to improve soil structure and quality and thus help in the development and use of saline-sodic lands for agriculture.

     

土壤干旱与柿叶片膜脂及脂质过氧化的关系

在不同灌水条件下,对盆栽柿幼树叶片组织相对含水量,细胞透性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,膜脂脂肪酸组分和脂质过氧化作用产物——丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定,结果表明:当水势Ψ_S下降时,细胞透性(PERM)增大,SOD和CAT活性下降,脂质过氧化作用增强,膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量升高。试验证明:土壤水势(?)_S=-3.80±0.47bar,各指标变化最明显。本试验条件下,幼柿叶片SOD活性,CAT活性,MDA含量,PERM,不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)与组织相对含水量(RWC)和土壤水势(Ψ_s)间具显著相关关系。     

县级农田水利化管理质量的AHP评价方法

本文对影响县级农田水利化管理系统质量的影响因素进行系统分析 ,建立了综合评价县级农田水利化系统管理质量的层次分析模型 ,确定了农田水利化系统管理质量综合评价步骤和方法 .为县级农田水利化管理质量的评价提供科学的决策方法     

不同尺度下梯田果园地表径流养分流失特征分析

为了研究尺度变化对红壤区梯田果园养分随地表径流流失的影响,通过2011年4–9月份在江西省水土保持生态科技园的野外试验,对比分析了径流小区尺度(处理1)和自然大坡面尺度(处理2)在2种典型降雨下的产流、产沙以及N、P流失特征。结果表明:具有相似下垫面条件的处理1和处理2相比,中雨型条件下处理2单位面积产流、产沙量分别为处理1的23.09%、13.63%,大雨型条件下处理2单位面积产流、产沙量分别为处理1的27.49%、13.72%,其产流产沙过程基本一致,都是随着降雨强度的变化而变化;各处理养分流失主要集中在产流初期,后期逐渐趋于稳定。     

60Coγ辐射对苹果属观赏海棠诱变效应的研究初报

摘 要：为探讨60Coγ射线辐射处理对苹果属观赏海棠的诱变效应,以观赏海棠品种绚丽（M. ‘Radiant’）和印第安魔力（M. ‘Indian Magic’）的一年生枝为试材,采用4个剂量的60Coγ射线辐射处理,观察与测试其被辐射枝条上芽体的成活率、成活后新梢的生长状况、新梢叶片形态的变化和对蚜虫的抗性。结果表明：60Coγ射线辐射处理降低被辐射枝条嫁接成活率,抑制其新梢和叶片的生长,使叶面积降低,厚度增加,叶色加深,新梢叶片蚜虫的感染率降低。分析认为：60Coγ射线辐射使观赏海棠嫁接后幼树的生长受到明显的抑制,使叶形态和功能得到改善,表现出明显的矮化征状,同时使植株抗虫性得到一定程度地提高。