Viral preparations for protection of farm cultures

This paper presents the assessment of the biological effectiveness of viral preparations Fermovirin CpGV for apple protection from the codling moth and Fermovirin HA for protection of tomatoes, maize, and soy from the bollworm. The effectiveness of these insecticides is shown to depend on weather conditions in the vegetation period.     

New Deoxyisoaustamide Derivatives from the Coral-Derived Fungus Penicillium dimorphosporum KMM 4689

Seven new deoxyisoaustamide derivatives (1–7) together with known compounds (8–10) were isolated from the coral-derived fungus Penicillium dimorphosporum KMM 4689. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction analysis and by comparison with related known compounds. The absolute configurations of some alkaloids were determined based on CD and NOESY data as well as biogenetic considerations. The cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of some of the isolated compounds were examined and structure-activity relationships were pointed out. New deoxyisoaustamides 4–6 at concentration of 1 µM revealed a statistical increase of PQ(paraquat)-treated Neuro-2a cell viability by 30–39%.     

Investigation of the effectiveness of fungicides for protecting cereals from fusarium head blight

It is shown that the modern assortment of fungicides for controlling head blight of cereals is represented by ecologically low-hazard preparations with a toxic load not exceeding 225?C273.9 semilethal doses per hectare. All fungicides limited the development of head blight as well as grain infection in a latent form. Maximum effectiveness was provided by the preparations Zamir, EW at an application rate of 1.2 L/ha; Amistar Trio, EC and Orius 250, AE, 1.0 L/ha each; and Acanto Plus, SC, 0.6 L/ha.     

Novel Native Insectoacaricides Based on Avermectins

Data on assessment of biological efficiency of insectoacaricides based on Abamectin and Emamectin benzoate, metabolites of soil actinomyces, for farm crop protection systems against pests are presented. Efficiency of new products not yet included in the Federal Catalogue of Pesticides was studied. These were Mekar (ME, 18 g/L of abamectin) against the apple sucker (Psylla mali Schmid.) in Orel and Tambov oblasts and Krasnodar krai, against mites in apple trees in Rostov, Tambov, and Orel oblasts, and Yunona (ME, 50 g/L of emamectin benzoate) against codling moth in Rostov oblast and Krasnodar krai. The trials conducted on assessment of effects of new local products created on the basis of actinomyces metabolites confirmed a high biological efficiency in the regulation of the pest of apple trees. Mekar (ME, 18 g/L) and Yunona (ME, 50 g/L) may be recommended for the control of pest apple trees in biologized and adaptively integrated plant protection systems after their registration in Russia.     

Insecticides based on insect chitin synthesis inhibitors

The following benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors—diflubenzuron used in Dimilin and Gerold formulations, lufenuron registered as Match, and a Lufox combined insecticide based on two active ingredients, lufenuron and fenoxycarb (juvenoid)—have been tested. The effectiveness of the Dimilin insecticide in regulating the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) population was assessed in Tambov oblast, Rostov-on-Don oblast, and Krasnodar krai in 2010–2011. Reduction of damage in the harvested fruit at the maximum application rate comprised 90–100% in all the regions. The biological effectiveness of the Gerold preparation in regulating the complex population consisted of leafrollers and currant bud moths (Incurvaria capitella Cl.) and comprised 85–87% in the Tambov oblast and reached 100% in the Orel and Leningradskaya oblasts (2012–2014). The field tests to assess the biological effectiveness of the Match insecticide in regulating the population of cotton worm (Heliothis armigera Hb) in Krasnodar krai and Astrakhan oblast proved that the preparation was capable to reduce the number of the cotton worm larvae on tomato plants (up to 99.0%). The Lufox combined insecticide effectively reduced the larval population of codling moth and, hence, the damage of apple fruit in Krasnodar krai and Rostov-on-Don oblast (up to 96.8%). The tested plant protection products are recommended for use in the ecologized systems.     

Effective preparations of protection of winter wheat against main pests in conditions of the Precaucasian steppe zone

In 2009–2014 in conditions of the Precaucasian steppe zone, biological effectiveness of the following preparations was achieved in the fight with main pests of the winter wheat: Actara, B-58 New, Decis Profi, Diazinon Euro, Karate Zeon, Konfidor Extra, Cruiser, Kinmiks, Mospilan, Picus, Sirocco, Scenic Combi, Tabu, Tiara, Fastac, Shaman, Eforie, and active substances of the preparation thiamethoxam + difenoconazole + fludioxonil. Their application by spraying vegetating plants and the presowing treatment of seeds allows the successful fight with the black wheat fly, the cereal ground beetle, the sunn pest, with the molding of seeds, the common bunt, and root rots of the Fusarium–Helminthosporium etiology.