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1.
Summary Cattle feed sources were studied at village level in Pabna district, Bangladesh. A large quantity of feed was offered. In
the monsoon the average amount of DM fed to a mature animal of 210kg was 7·1kg d−1, consisting of about equal amounts of straw, weeds and leaves. In winter animals grazed for an average of 3·7hd−1 and were supplemented with 3·9kgDMd−1 (two-thirds straw). In summer they were offered 5·4kgDMd−1 (one-third straw and two-thirds weeds and leaves) and they grazed for 0·5hd−1. The major limiting constraint on cattle production is the quality of the feed offered, particularly in the monsoon period
when animals cannot graze. In future, feed quality will become even more of a problem because grazing lands are gradually
disappearing.
Resumen Se estudiaron las fuentes de alimentos para el ganado a nivel de villorrio en el distrito de Pabna, Bangladesh. Se ofreció gran cantidad de alimento. En la época de monsones, la cantidad promedio de materia seca (MS) suministrada a un animal maduro de 210kg fue 7·1kgd−1, la que consistió en cantidades iguales de paja, malezas y hojas. En invierno los animales pastorearon un promedio de 3·7hd−1 y fueron suplementados con 3·9kgMSd−1 (dos tercios paja). En verano se ofrecieron 5·4kgMSd−1 (un tercio paja y dos tercios malezas y hojas), pastoreando los animales 0·5hd−1. La mayor limitante encontrada, fue la calidad del alimento ofrecido, particularmente en la época de monsones, cuando los animales no pueden pastorear. En el futuro, la calidad del alimento empeorará, ya que las pasturas están desapareciendo gradualmente.
Résumé Les disponibilités alimentaires du bétail ont été étudiées dans le district de Pabna (Bangladesh), au sein d'un village. Une grande quantité de nourriture fut offerte. Lors de la mousson, la quantité moyenne de matière sèche présentée à un adulte de 210kg était de 7,1kg/j, consistant en proportion à peu près équivalente de paille, mauvaises herbes et feuilles. En hiver, les animaux paturaient en moyenne 3,7kg/j et recevaient un supplément de 3,9kg/j de matières sèchs (deux tiers de paille). En été, on leur a distribué 5,4kg/j de matières sèches (un tiers de pailles, deux tiers de mauvaises herbes et de feuilles) et ils paturaient pendant une demi-heure (0,5h/j). Le facteur majeur limitant réside dans la qualité nutritive offerte, particulièrement pendant la mousson, période où les animaux ne peuvent pas paturer. La qualité de l'alimentation risque de devenir encore plus problématique du fait de la disparition progressive des paturages.相似文献
2.
A 14-year-old gray gelding was presented for investigation of a visible, pale-colored ocular mass in the right eye. An intraocular mass was identified clinically and ultrasonographically as originating from the superior nasal quadrant of the ciliary body and retina. The mass occupied the majority of the vitreous chamber and some of the superior anterior chamber of the eye. The affected eye was blind. Following exenteration, a primary intraocular primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e. a retinoblastoma/medulloepithelioma), a rarely described intraocular mass in adult horses, was identified by pathologic examination. The gelding returned to normal use following a short recovery period. 相似文献
3.
The Carabid Beetle Laboratory Test using Poecilus cupreus (L.) was developed for the assessment of effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods and is now available as an official guideline published by the BBA and the IOBC for the registration of pesticides. In this contribution some of the experiences in performing the test are summarized. In total, 126 compounds (mainly herbicides) were tested in 190 test runs (including water controls). In this acute laboratory test, the three parameters mortality, behaviour and feeding rate are investigated. Due to experiences with other ecotoxicological tests a one-way Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, followed by a Bonferroni Test, was used for the statistical evaluation of the feeding rates. The results presented here show that a statistical evaluation of the feeding data is possible and that this parameter is useful for the assessment of side-effects of chemicals for these predatory arthropods. In testing the reference substance pyrazophos (formulation: ‘Afugan’ 294 g litre−1 EC) the mortality varied considerably. It is proposed that at a given value (30%) for effects on the mortality and the feeding rate, a test substance should be tested in a semi-field or field situation. 相似文献
4.
D'Agostina A Antonioni C Resta D Arnoldi A Bez J Knauf U Wäsche A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):92-98
This paper describes a pilot process for obtaining protein isolates from white lupin seed with improved water solubility and technofunctional properties as well as reduced thermal damage. After a careful optimization of the process parameters, two valuable food ingredients were prepared: lupin protein isolate type E, with a useful emulsifying capacity, and lupin protein isolate type F, with a high capability of foam formation and stabilization. The spray-drying process was particularly critical for inducing some thermal damage, but a careful selection of the conditions permitted ingredients having only marginally impaired lysine bioavailability to be obtained. The reproducibility of the protein extraction process was tested on two different lupin varieties. 相似文献
5.
6.
The EPPO Standard PP 1/213(1) on resistance risk analysis is the basis for risk assessment within the authorisation process in Germany. Data for resistance risk analysis have to be provided by the applicant and risk-mitigation strategies prepared if necessary. The extent of data requirements and the intensity of the evaluation process depend mainly on the type of target organism, crop, mode of action of the active substance and the resistance history of the organism in combination with products of similar mode of action as the one being applied for. Because resistance risk is a very complicated issue during the authorisation of plant-protection products, intensive co-operation between applicants and regulators is essential prior to submission of the dossier, with due consideration of the amount of data necessary and, where required, the proposed resistance-management strategy. 相似文献
7.
Kirsten Büsing Mohamed Elhensheri Kristin Entzian Udo Meyer Annette Zeyner 《Research in veterinary science》2014
Humic acids are used to prophylactically treat intestinal diseases in a wide number of species, yet the mechanism of action remains unknown. The general assumption has been that humic acids act locally; however studies using young piglets show orally supplemented humic acids can penetrate the intestinal wall, and thus potentially act systemically. The objective of this study was to determine if humic acids could also cross the intestinal barrier in adult pigs and be detected in other organs. Adult minipigs (>18 months old) orally received either 1 g humic acids/kg body weight (verum, n = 3) or placebo (control, n = 3), for 2 weeks. At the end of the feeding period tissue samples were harvested from the intestine, various glands and organs. Unstained tissue samples were examined by light microscopy for the presence of humic acid particles. No humic acid particles were detected in any of the unstained tissues from verum or control pigs. 相似文献
8.
Long-term change in phosphate intensity in a clay soil after turning grassland into arable land In a 7years field experiment on a poorly drained clay (Pelosol-Pseudogley) after turning permanent grassland into arable land, the phosphate concentration in the soil solution (Pl) decreased and P retention (Ps) increased even if as much as 265 kg P ha?1 was added in excess of plant uptake. Neither loss in organic matter nor disaggregation of the well aggregated grassland soil by soil management seemed to be responsible for this decrease in Pl. Instead, a slight increase in pH within the 7 years and, to a lesser extent, a concomitant increase in exchangeable Ca are assumed to have caused the decrease in Pl. Laboratory experiments in which pH, exchangeable Ca and ionic strength were varied support the field results. A multiple correlation between Pl and pH plus exchangeable Ca explained 89% of the variation of Pl whereas pH and Ca alone explained only 76 and 42%, respectively. Solubility data placed the solutions around the hydroxyapatite (HA) isotherm even when P-fertilizer were added in excess of plant uptake. It seems unlikely, therefore that HA governs Pl in this soil. Instead, the results are in favour of surface P adsorption to determine Pl. The effect of exchangeable Ca and ionic strength is then explained by their effects on the thickness of the electric double layer which in turn influences P adsorption. 相似文献
9.
Jen JC Chan WM Bosley TM Wan J Carr JR Rüb U Shattuck D Salamon G Kudo LC Ou J Lin DD Salih MA Kansu T Al Dhalaan H Al Zayed Z MacDonald DB Stigsby B Plaitakis A Dretakis EK Gottlob I Pieh C Traboulsi EI Wang Q Wang L Andrews C Yamada K Demer JL Karim S Alger JR Geschwind DH Deller T Sicotte NL Nelson SF Baloh RW Engle EC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1509-1513
The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing. 相似文献
10.
麦蚜取食行为特殊刺探电位波形图(EPG)研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了麦长管蚜(Sitobionavenae.Fab.)、禾谷缢管蚜(RhopalosiphumPadi)在不同小麦上的刺探行为,发现了一些特殊的刺探电位波形(EPG),即点G波,E0波和两种F波,并就其可能的生物学意义进行了探讨。初步认为,点G波是蚜虫在刺探途径阶段(C波阶段)的试探性主动吸食过程;E0波是蚜虫口针即将到达韧皮部时短暂的判断、休息和适应过程;一种F波是蚜虫在木质部主动吸食受阻的一种过渡波;另一种F波与蚜虫口针在植物组织中遇阻后的重复回撤与刺探行为有关。结果表明,EPG波形不仅有其稳定性,同时也有其多样性。 相似文献