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排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sward characteristics,nutritive value and choice by cattle of conterminous monocultures of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
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Masahiko Hirata Toshiro Okuma Yuichiro Tanaka Manabu Tobisa 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):674-680
In south‐western Japan, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides; CG) offers a novel option for a warm‐season perennial for grazing use in areas where bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; BG) can be grown. However, the potential of CG as a forage has not been fully explored because of the short history as a forage crop. We conducted four experiments to evaluate CG (cv. TifBlair) in comparison with BG (cv. Pensacola) in terms of sward characteristics, nutritive value and choice by animals. In each experiment, four Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) were individually allowed to graze conterminous monocultures of CG and BG (5 × 10 m each) for 30 min. Irrespective of regrowth durations and fertilizer rates, CG was consistently shorter, leafier and denser, contained lower acid detergent fiber and cellulose, and was preferred or equally selected by cows, as compared with BG. Furthermore, CG maintained sufficient levels of crude protein (80–89 g/kg DM) to ensure voluntary intake of ruminant animals under extended regrowth? and without fertilizer, whereas BG failed to do so (65 g/kg DM). CG provided higher digestible dry matter than BG when crude protein concentration exceeded 86 g/kg DM. The results indicate advantages of CG as a forage. 相似文献
2.
Naruse K Quan YS Choi SM Park CS Jin DI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):679-684
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of minimum essential medium (MEM) vitamins during in vitro maturation (IVM)/in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into five groups, matured for 44 h in maturation medium with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), and observed for maturation rate. Also, COCs were matured in NUSU-23 media without MEM vitamins for 44 h and cultured in PZM-3 media with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.4 and 1.0%) for 6 days following nuclear transfer. Factorial (IVM/IVC) experiments were also performed in NCSU-23 medium with or without 0.05% MEM vitamins and PZM-3 medium with or without 0.4% MEM vitamins. They were then tested by examining in vitro development of the porcine reconstructed embryos. The maturation rates of the COCs treated with the MEM vitamins did not differ significantly among the MEM vitamin-treated groups. Addition of vitamins to culture medium did not affect development of porcine reconstructed embryos in vitro. However, addition of low concentrations of MEM vitamins only to maturation medium increased (P<0.05) the proportion of NT embryos developing into blastocysts compared with the control group. Addition of MEM vitamins to IVC medium did not enhance the developmental rate compared with the control group. Thus, addition of MEM vitamins to IVM medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos. 相似文献
3.
Haruhisa Fukada Takahiro Furutani Rie Shimizu Toshiro Masumoto 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):511-521
Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing. 相似文献
4.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594
Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased. 相似文献
5.
As a measure of estimating humidity control capacity of materials in an airtight room under sinusoidal temperature variation,
we used the Cb value, which is the ratio of the range of variation in relative humidity in a steel box lined with the material of interest
to the range in an empty steel box. In order to clarify the factors that affect the Cb value, we focused on both the temperature variation rate and the area that is lined in the box. It was found that changing
the rate of temperature variation over one period strongly affected the Cb value, although the amplitude of temperature variation did not. We further noticed that the difference between the time when
peak temperature was reached and the time when peak absolute humidity was reached (peak time difference), was found to be
useful for estimating the humidity control capacity of materials. Knowing the difference between the phase when peak temperature
was reached and the phase when peak absolute humidity was reached (phase angle difference) was also useful. Because the Cb value was affected by both the variation period and the lined area in the box, we can draw a contour diagram of the period
and the lined area for materials to give an overview of the humidity control capacity of a material. The materials of primary
interest in this study were Japanese cedar and porous ceramics. 相似文献
6.
In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied.
The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate,
and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it
possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure
impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating
fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating
was resistant to light and moisture.
Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March
2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society 相似文献
7.
Kagabu S Ishihara R Hieda Y Nishimura K Naruse Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):812-818
The pharmacophore of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, nitroiminoimidazolidine, was modified to heterocycles such as thiazolidine, pyrrolidine, dihydroimidazole, dihydrothiazole, and pyridone conjugated to nitroimine (=NNO2) or nitromethylene (=CHNO2). Their 6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl or 5-chloro-3-thiazolylmethyl derivatives were examined for insecticidal activity against the American cockroach by injection and for neuroblocking activity using the cockroach ganglion. Most of the compounds having the neonicotinoidal pharmacophore exhibited insecticidal activity at the nanomolar level, which was enhanced in the presence of synergists, and high neuroblocking activity at the micromolar level. Quantitative analysis for the compounds showed that the neuroblocking potency is proportional both to the Mulliken charge on the nitro oxygen atom and to the partition coefficient log P value. The equation for the insecticidal versus neuroblocking potencies indicated that both potencies are related proportionally with each other when the other factors are the same. 相似文献
8.
9.
Patricia Yumi Morimoto Kofuji Atsushi Akimoto Hidetsuyo Hosokawa & Toshiro Masumoto 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(7):696-703
Seasonal variations in pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and protein digestibility were studied in yellowtails (Seriola quinqueradiata) reared for 1 year with extruded diets containing different levels of protein. Trypsin and chymotrypsin storage levels in the digestive tissues of starved fish were affected by seasonal changes in water temperature. Actual digestion activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were low at lower water temperatures, but pepsin activity in the stomach tissue was not affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the intestinal contents were higher during lower water temperature months, while pepsin activity in the stomach contents was low at lower water temperatures. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) did not differ among the dietary treatments in the higher water temperature months, while in colder months it was higher in fish fed diet 1 than in fish fed diets 2 and 3. The APD values reflected pepsin activity in the stomach contents in all sampling months. Therefore, lower APD in colder months seems to be attributed to lower protease activity in the gastric digesta, implying that enhanced pepsin secretion from the stomach tissue might improve protein digestibility and growth performance in yellowtails during winter. 相似文献
10.