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排序方式: 共有132条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rautenschlein S Sheikh AM Patnayak DP Miller RL Sharma JM Goyal SM 《Avian diseases》2002,46(3):555-561
Since 1997, avian pneumovirus (APV) has caused estimated annual losses of $15 million to the Minnesota turkey industry. In order to develop an attenuated live vaccine against APV, we serially passaged a Minnesota isolate of APV (APV/MN/turkey/1-a/97) in vitro in cell cultures for 41 passages. Laboratory experiments with this high-passage virus (P41) indicated that the attenuated virus provided immunogenic protection to turkeys against challenge with virulent APV, although some birds showed mild to moderate dinical signs after inoculation. To reduce the residual pathogenicity of P41, while maintaining its immunogenicity, we decided to vaccinate turkeys with P41 in the presence of an immunomodulator, S-28828 (1-n-butyl-2-ethoxymethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine-hydrochloride), which is a potent cytokine inducer. The combined inoculation of S-28828 (5 mg/kg body weight) and P41 resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of virus-induced clinical signs in comparison with birds that received P41 without immunomodulator (P < 0.05). Only 17% of birds inoculated with S-28828 + APV P41 showed mild respiratory symptoms at 5 days postinoculation as compared with 46% of the vaccinated turkeys that did not receive S-28828. Vaccination with either P41 or with P41 + S-28828 protected turkeys against dinical signs and viral replication after challenge with virulent APV. These results indicate that immunomodulators, such as S-28828, may act as good vaccine adjuvants that can reduce the pathogenicity but maintain the immunogenicity of partially attenuated vaccines. 相似文献
2.
Influence of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties under tropical conditions 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
Soil organic matter level, mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase
activities were studied in soils from a field experiment under a pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence receiving inorganic
fertilizers and a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments for the last 11 years. The amounts of soil organic
matter and mineralizable C and N increased with the application of inorganic fertilizers. However, there were greater increases
of these parameters when farmyard manure, wheat straw or Sesbania bispinosa green manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Microbial biomass C increased from 147 mg kg–1 soil in unfertilized soil to 423 mg kg–1 soil in soil amended with wheat straw and inorganic fertilizers. The urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of soils
increased significantly with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The results indicate that soil
organic matter level and soil microbial activities, vital for the nutrient turnover and long-term productivity of the soil,
are enhanced by use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizers.
Received: 6 May 1998 相似文献
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5.
Marie Ren Gramer Jee Hoon Lee Young Ki Choi Sagar M. Goyal Han Soo Joo 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):201-206
The H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from pigs in the United States and Canada has shown both genetic and antigenic diversity. The objective of this study was to determine the serologic and genetic characteristics of contemporary strains of these viruses. Genetic analysis of 18 reference strains and 8 selected strains demonstrated differences in 1% to 9% of the nucleotides of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed 3 genetic clusters, as well as divergence of cluster III viruses from a cluster III prototype virus (A/Swine/Illinois/21587/99). By means of 1-way cross-hemagglutination inhibition with antiserum against 5 field isolates and 3 vaccine viruses, most of 97 isolates tested could be placed in 1 of 3 serogroups. The several isolates that did not react with any antiserum were in genetic cluster III, which suggests that continuous antigenic drift in cluster III may have resulted in virus variants. The efficacy of commercial vaccines against these virus variants should be evaluated with vaccination and challenge studies. 相似文献
6.
K Naeem D D Caywood R E Werdin S M Goyal 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(4):640-644
A field strain (87-8363) of bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) isolated from an aborted bovine fetus was used to inoculate pregnant rabbits. Eleven rabbits in midgestation were alloted to 4 groups consisting of 3 infected groups and 1 control group. Rabbits were inoculated with BHV-4 or mock-infected cell culture preparations via IV, intravaginal, and intrauterine routes. Mild vulvovaginitis and endometritis were observed after intravaginal and IV inoculation of BHV-4, whereas intrauterine inoculation of BHV-4 resulted in abortion of hemorrhagic fetuses and nonsuppurative endometritis. Virus was successfully isolated from organ explants of fetal tissues. Rabbits seroconverted 1 week after infection as detected by results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. 相似文献
7.
One hundred and twenty-nine isolates ofRhizoctonia spp. were obtained from soil samples in Israel and from culture collections in the U.S.A. and Japan. The isolates varied in host range and disease severity when tested on six to eleven different host plants. Approximately 30% of the isolates were nonpathogenic to all the host plants tested. Mycelial growth rate of the nonpathogenic strains did not differ significantly from that of the virulent isolates. The 107 Israeli isolates represented anastomosis groups (AG) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ofR, solani, two groups ofR. zeae, and three groups of binucleateRhizoctonia AG: A, F and K. 相似文献
8.
Films of silicon dioxide (SiO2) were deposited at room temperature by means of catalyzed binary reaction sequence chemistry. The binary reaction SiCl4 + 2H2O --> SiO2 + 4HCl was separated into SiCl4 and H2O half-reactions, and the half-reactions were then performed in an ABAB ellipsis sequence and catalyzed with pyridine. The pyridine catalyst lowered the deposition temperature from >600 to 300 kelvin and reduced the reactant flux required for complete reactions from approximately 10(9) to approximately 10(4) Langmuirs. Growth rates of approximately 2.1 angstroms per AB reaction cycle were obtained at room temperature for reactant pressures of 15 millitorr and 60-second exposure times with 200 millitorr of pyridine. This catalytic technique may be general and should facilitate the chemical vapor deposition of other oxide and nitride materials. 相似文献
9.
Nile delta: the defunct pelusiac branch identified 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The course of the ancient Pelusiac branch of the Nile River has been traced on a deltaic plain east of the Suez Canal, between the El Baqar Canal and Tell el Farama (ancient Pelusium). Two minor distributaries branched northward. The critical stage in the process of the silting up of the lower reaches of the Pelusiac branch, due to prograding beach accretion, occurred around A.D. 25. Ancient ruins in the area are closely associated with the courses. 相似文献
10.
Yogesh Chander Simone R. Oliveira Sagar M. Goyal 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(3):359-360
The tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), has been described previously in Gram negative bacteria. In this study tet(B) was detected in plasmid extracts from 17/111 (15%) Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs, representing the first report of this resistance gene in Gram positive bacteria. 相似文献