Methodology of Breeding Ecologically Resistant Varieties of Oats

To breed ecologically resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine breeding methods and their sequence and combinations, i.e., to develop a methodology. In 2003, hybrid material of covered oats was obtained on 76 cross combinations. In 2008–2009, 345 of the best elite plants were selected, and further selection was made under different ecologic conditions: sufficient or excess humidification and drought on neutral and aluminum-acid sod-podzolic soils (Kirov region), short growing season on sod-podzolic soils (Udmurt Republic), on dark-grey heavy loam forest soils (Chuvash Republic), and drought on middle-loam chernozem (Samara region). Screening on disease resistance and improving selection under field and laboratory conditions was performed. As a result, the new, adaptive variety Berber was passed into State Varietal Test in 2016. The variety combines high productivity (7.8 t/ha) and valuable grain quality: test weight 608 g/L, huskiness 26.3%, raw protein content 13.87%, raw fat content 3.18%, and resistance to loose smut and crown rust.     

On regioselectivity of the reaction of p-quinone methides with p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols

Summary ¹H NMR analysis of the reaction of lignin model p-quinone methides with aliphatic alcohols, phenols and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols in chloroform solution has demonstrated a pronounced predominance of non-cyclic benzyl alkyl ethers over benzyl aryl ethers in the mixture of products, as a result of faster addition of alcohols than phenols. In the case of the simplest p-quinone methides, the only competing reaction seems to be a stereoselective isomerization into E-p-hydroxystyrenes.The authors are grateful to Yu. M. Arkhipov, E. A. Grinenko, and V. A. Filippov for assistance in recording NMR spectra, and to A. V. Pranovich for helpful discussions     

Carbon Stock in Sandy and Loamy Soils of Coniferous–Broadleaved Forests at Different Succession Stages

Eurasian Soil Science - A comparative assessment of the carbon stock in loamy soils (Albic Retisols) of coniferous–broadleaved forests on the Moskvoretsko-Oksky Plain and sandy soils (Albic...     

Breeding of naked oats having high-quality grain

Ecologically plastic naked oat Bekas, which combines high productivity (up to 5.63 t/ha) and grain quality (protein content up to 19.7%; fat content up to 6.7%; starch content up to 54.61%; test weight up to 712 g/L; kernel yield 95–98%; grain yield from sheaf up to 42.3%), was created using selective sampling under different natural conditions: the Northeast Agricultural Research Institute and Falenki Breeding Station (Kirov region), as well as Samara Agricultural Research Institute (Samara region). The grain is large—1000 grain mass is 26.9–29.1 g, grain size is 7–9 × 2.5–3.5 mm, and 2–6 grains are in a spikelet. The new variety is resistant to falling out, to helminthosporium leaf blotch and to crown rust in natural infectious background; it is tolerant to fruit fly.