PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils

Purpose  

An in situ phytoremediation trial was developed in order to investigate the function of alfalfa during a 2-year bioremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted with the aim to better understand the application potential of PCB phytoremediation at field scale.     

Layout and Systematic Structure of Ecological Landscaping Forest in Shenzhen

INTRODUCTION Shenzhen is located in southern part of Guangdong province, in northern part of Jiulong peninsula. It is between 22o 26′ 59′′~22o 21′49′′ N and 113 o45′4′′ ~114o 37′21′′ E, east to Daya bay, south to Hongkong, west to Pearl River estuary, north to Dongguan and Huizhou. The area of Shenzhen is 2 020 km2 and the population in 2001 was about 4.687 million. The annual mean temperature is 22.4 oC, and the annual mean rainfall is 1 523.5~2 206.6 mm. The annual mean…     

ABT生根粉提高报春花种子活力的研究

为 提高报 春花种子 活力和幼 苗的抗 逆性 , 以 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉 不同 剂型 、不 同浓 度浸 泡 处理报春花 种子, 进 行了播种 发芽试 验。结果 表明 , 经 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生 根粉 浸 泡处 理 后, 发 芽率 、发 芽速率、发 芽指数、 活力指数 等活力指 标均明 显提高, 以６ 号 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉２０ ｍｇ Ｌ 浸泡２４ｈ 的处理效果最 佳。电导 率值和干 鲜比低 于 Ｃ Ｋ, 与种子 活力存在 负相关 关系。     

生根粉提高仙客来种子活力的初步研究

采用不同剂号,不同浓度的新剂型ＡＢＴ生根粉浸泡处理仙客来种子,测定了种子发芽率,发芽速率,发芽指数,活力指数,干鲜比等种子活力指标和电导率,可溶性糖含量等部分生理生化指标,并结合仙客来育苗生产调查出了苗率。     

土著菌群与蚯蚓肠道菌群共享核心物种协同抵御灭蚁灵胁迫研究

采集实际场地中不同浓度梯度(0～27.7 mg/kg)灭蚁灵污染土壤,设置蚯蚓土培试验,采用高通量测序技术,分析蚯蚓肠道菌群和土著菌群的结构和功能;通过MetagenomeSeq分析、LEfSe(linear discriminant analysis effect size)分析和随机森林(random forest...     

月季试管苗生根的形态解剖学观察

以月季无根试管苗为材料,进行瓶内和瓶外生根试验,研究了试管生根苗和瓶外生根苗的解剖构造差异,并分析了二者解剖特征与其生境的关系。     

袋栽香菇菌棒废料再利用研究简报

袋栽香菇采收后菌棒含有较丰富的营养物质和尚未被香菇菌丝利用完的木质素和纤维素，利用这些废菌糠可继续栽培香菇。在常规配方中添加１０％￣２０％废菌糠，香菇不会减产，但如果废菌糠量增加到３０％以上则香菇产量下降，如果全部以废菌糠代替木屑栽培，则产量下降３０％、且菇小质差、袋栽香菇配方中，如果增加２０％左右的废菌糠和０．１％添加剂可减少１０％麦麸和１０％木屑用量，大面积示范增产１０％￣２３￣，还可提高资源     

典型地区多介质环境中多氯联苯、镉致癌风险评估

对典型地区多种环境介质土壤(n=151)、地下水(n=9)、大气(可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和气态污染物,n=4)及农作物(蔬菜(n=38)和大米(n=95))进行采样,分析其中多氯联苯(PCBs)和镉(Cd)含量,利用美国EPA致癌风险评估模型评估研究区居民经多种途径接触多种介质引起的PCBs和Cd的致癌暴露剂量和致癌风险.进行致癌风险贡献率分析,筛选出主要的致癌污染物、暴露途径及对致癌风险贡献最大的环境介质.研究结果表明,所调查的环境介质中均存在严重的PCBs、Cd污染,蔬菜和大米中Cd的平均含量分别为我国食品中污染物限量标准的130倍和17倍,地下水中PCBs和Cd超标率均很高,大气中气态PCBs及PM10颗粒态PCBs、Cd含量均高于国内外其他地区的调查结果.致癌暴露剂量评估结果表明PCBs、Cd的总致癌暴露剂量分别为允许摄入量的6.8倍和6.1倍,总致癌风险为1.1×10-3,远高于国内外所规定的可接受致癌风险水平;致癌贡献率分析结果表明经口摄入是研究区居民致癌风险的最主要暴露途径,蔬菜、大米和地下水是该地区最主要的PCBs、Cd致癌风险来源.     

深圳市生态风景林体系总体规划与布局研究

生态风景林是深圳市城市森林生态系统的主体,规划面积54 072.5hm2。林种布局为:水源涵养林23 627.4hm2,水土保持林17 252.4hm2,沿海防护林3 153.9hm2,道路防护林4 091.4hm2,特种用途林5 947.4hm2。2002~2005年的近期目标是美化小尺度的可视环境,投入2.13亿元,完成工程量的25.78%;2006~2011年的中期目标是改善大尺度的生态环境,投入4.0亿元,完成工程量的74.22%:2012~2030年的远期目标是完善生态风景林网络体系的结构和功能。       

Risk control effectiveness of phosphorus-containing passivators on Cd-contaminated agricultural soils to be strictly controlled

Purpose

Phosphorus (P)-containing passivators have a stabilizing effect on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural soils to be safely used, offering good potential for risk control of Cd-contaminated agricultural soils to be strictly controlled. In this study, an incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the risk control effects of using hydroxyapatite (HAP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP) on Cd-contaminated agricultural soils to be strictly controlled.

Materials and methods

Samples of topsoil were collected (0–20 cm) from agricultural land near a lead–zinc mine in Southwestern China containing 32.07 mg kg^?1 Cd with a pH of 7.28. The amounts of passivators added were equal to approximately 3% of the soil by weight. The soil Cd content, physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial community were analyzed.

Results

The results showed that the application of HAP and MCP decreased the activity and mobility of Cd in soils to be strictly controlled. HAP was more effective in decreasing the exchangeable Cd (Cd_Ex) than MCP (rate of decrease was 48.1% for HAP and 24.4% for MCP). According to the results of the geometric mean (GMean) and the integrated total enzyme activity (TEI) index, the total soil enzyme activity of the HAP treatment was higher than that of CK and MCP treatment. HAP and MCP significantly decreased the Chao and Shannon bacterial community indices and the Shannon index of the soil fungal community. HAP increased Actinobacteria abundance, which is beneficial to soil fertility enhancement and plant growth, and MCP increased Rhizobiales abundance, which promotes soil P cycling and plant growth. Primary driving factors for the changes in bacterial and fungal community composition in the stabilized soils were CEC and Cd_Ex for bacteria and Cd bound to carbonates (Cd_Car) and residual Cd (Cd_Res) for fungi.

Conclusions

HAP is more suitable for risk control of Cd-contaminated agricultural soils to be strictly controlled than MCP from the perspective of soil Cd activity and mobility, soil enzyme activity, and diversity and composition of the soil microbial community.