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Flickinger EA Schreijen EM Patil AR Hussein HS Grieshop CM Merchen NR Fahey GC 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(8):2008-2018
Fructans are fermentable carbohydrates and include short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), inulin, and hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose, OF). Two studies with dogs were designed to examine the effects of low concentrations of fructans on nutrient digestibilities, fecal microbial populations, and endproducts of protein fermentation, and fecal characteristics. In Exp. 1, 11 adult male beagles were fed corn-based, kibbled diets supplemented with or without OF to provide 1.9 +/- 0.6 g/d. Dietary inclusion of OF decreased (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibilities, but did not affect fecal characteristics. Increasing OF concentration tended (P < 0.06) to linearly decrease fecal ammonia concentrations, but not those of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), amines, indole, or phenols. Fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and butyrate tended to be higher in OF-supplemented dogs (P < 0.10), as was the ratio of bifidobacteria to total anaerobes (P = 0.15). In Exp. 2, ileally cannulated adult female hounds were fed a meat-based kibbled diet and were assigned to four scFOS treatments (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/d) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Ileal nutrient digestibilities tended to increase (P < 0.15) with increasing concentrations of scFOS. On a DMI basis, fecal output tended to decrease linearly (P < 0.10) in response to increasing scFOS supplementation, whereas fecal score tended to exhibit a quadratic response (P = 0.12). In general, fecal concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, phenols, and indoles were not altered by supplemental scFOS. Supplementation of scFOS increased fecal concentrations of total aerobes (P < 0.05) and decreased concentrations of Clostridium perfringens (P < 0.05). From these data, it seems that low levels of supplemental fructans have divergent effects on nutrient digestibility and fermentative endproducts, but do not adversely affect nutrient digestibility or fecal characteristics and may improve colonic microbial ecology in dogs. 相似文献
3.
Girennavar B Jayaprakasha GK Mclin SE Maxim J Yoo KS Patil BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):10941-10946
Phytochemical levels in fruits and vegetables can be affected by several postharvest factors. In the present study, the effect of electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation was studied on grapefruit bioactive compounds. 'Rio Red' and 'Marsh White' grapefruits were irradiated with E-beam at 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 kGy. Changes of various bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, furocoumarins, and limonoids, were measured. The acidity decreased slightly with an increasing E-beam dose, whereas the total soluble solids were increased. Irradiation did not affect the vitamin C content at 1 kGy; however, doses beyond 1 kGy significantly reduced the vitamin C content. Lycopene and beta-carotene did not change significantly from the irradiation. Lycopene levels decreased as the E-beam dose increased, while the beta-carotene content slightly increased. Dihydroxybergamottin levels exhibited a decreasing trend, while the bergamottin content did not change. Naringin, a major flavonoid of grapefruit, showed a significant increase over the control at 10 kGy in both 'Rio Red' and 'Marsh White'. Nomilin continued to decrease with an increasing dose of E-beam irradiation, while limonin levels remained the same at all of the doses. Low-dose E-beam irradiation has very little effect on the bioactive compounds and offers a safe alternative to existing postharvest treatments for the disinfection and decontamination of grapefruits. 相似文献
4.
Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy Alamuri Anusha Bharathkumar K. Patil Sharanagouda Siddanagouda Govindaraj Gurrappa Naidu Nagalingam Mohandoss Krishnamoorthy Paramanandham Rahman Habibur Shome Bibek Ranjan 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1131-1138
Tropical Animal Health and Production - In this study, the seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira in dairy cattle in endemic states of India were investigated in association with... 相似文献
5.
Sathanandam Pavithra N. Patil Prakash Rekha Ajitha Muthuvel Iyamperumal Patel Amrutlal R. Boggala Ramesh B. Shirol Adiveppa M. Ravishankar Kundapura V. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(8):2787-2801
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, a widely adapted and popular tree meant for its appetizing fruits in tropics with no genomic resources like microsatellite... 相似文献
6.
T.N. Patil J.N. Telford F.W. Plapp R.B. Koch 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1979,12(1):95-104
A water-soluble Mg2+-dependent ATPase (coupling factor F1) was isolated from the mitochondria of housefly thorax. It comprised about 14% of the proteins from a crude preparation. The F1 preparation was nearly homogeneous as assessed by gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and electron microscopy. It was composed of five subunits with the following apparent molecular weights: α, 68,000; β, 61,000; γ, 38,000; δ, 27,000; and ?, 17,500. The isoelectric pH (pI) of this protein was 7.3. F1 had a pH optimum of 8.2 and a temperature optimum between 37 and 45°C. The enzyme was fairly stable at 25°C. Nearly complete loss of activity was noticed at 0°C, while at 0 or 25°C, glycerol (20%) partially stabilized the enzyme activity against such inactivation. The Km value of the enzyme with respect to ATP was 0.4 mM. The activity was stimulated by low concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol. The enzyme was inhibited by azide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and guanidine hydrochloride. Oligomycin and the pesticides pyrethrin, cyhexatin, and DDT have no effect on the enzyme activity. However, all of these chemicals inhibited intact Mg2+- ATPase. The results are discussed in the light of differential responses of soluble and intact ATPase to these pesticides. 相似文献
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Brassica juncea , cv. Pusa Bold, and Brassica campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani, were raised under field conditions with varying levels of N fertilization, i.e. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1 . Changes in dry matter accumulation in various plant parts as influenced by N supply were measured throughout the crop ontogeny. N supply up to 120 kg had an increasing effect on the growth of leaves, stem and pods during the entire period till maturity. Analysis on the assimilate distribution pattern revealed that 84–87% of the total was accumulated during the post-flowering phase. Dry matter partitioning profile during the ontogeny indicated that about 72–83 % of the total DM was accumulated in the leaves, while 17–28 % in the stem, in the preflowering phase. This trend was found nearly opposite during the postflowering phase. At maturity, however, stem and pods accounted for nearly equal amounts of dry matter accumulation. Among the genotypes, Pusa Bold recorded significantly higher DM accumulation and seed yield over Pusa Kalyani which, on the other hand, exhibited a better assimilate-partioning ability than the former. Nitrogen levels had a favourable effect on LAI, LAD and CGR in both genotypes. Highly significant correlations were obtained between seed yield vs. LAI, LAD and CGR. N fertilization up to 120 kg ha−1 was found beneficial in enhancing growth and yield of rapeseed-mustard. 相似文献
9.
Richa Sood Rekha Khandia Sandeep Bhatia Divakar Hemadri Manoj Kumar Sharan S. Patil Atul K. Pateriya Arshi Siddiqui Malkanna Sanjeev Kumar Mudalagiri Dasappa Venkatesha Diwakar D. Kulkarni 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1037-1043
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal herpesvirus infection of domestic and wild ruminants, with a short and dramatic clinical course characterized primarily by high fever, severe depression, swollen lymph nodes, salivation, diarrhea, dermatitis, neurological disorders, and ocular lesions often leading to blindness. In the present study, fatal clinical cases of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) were identified in cattle in the state of Karnataka. These cases were initially presented with symptoms of diarrhea, respiratory distress, conjunctivitis, and nasal discharges. Laboratory diagnosis confirmed the detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) genome in the peripheral blood samples of two ailing animals. The blood samples collected subsequently from sheep of the neighboring areas also showed presence of OvHV-2 genome indicating a nidus of infection in the region. The positive test results were further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the OIE approved portion of tegument gene as well as complete ORF8 region of the OvHV-2 genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the latter region indicated close genetic relationship with other OvHV-2 reported elsewhere in the world. 相似文献
10.
Vishwanath Patil Torsten Källqvist Elisabeth Olsen Gjermund Vogt Hans R. Gislerød 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(1):1-9
Twelve algal strains representing the classes Cyanophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Cryptophyceae,
Chlorophyceae, Xantophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae were selected mainly from the culture collection of the Norwegian Institute
for Water Research (NIVA). The algae were grown as continuous cultures in a 1.8 l. reactor, internally illuminated with an
11 W fluorescent tube. The retention time was adjusted in the range 2–4 days to fit the growth rate of the algae. The growth
responses and fatty acid composition were analysed. The maximum production rate was obtained with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (0.63 g 1−1 day−1) and the lowest with Porphyridium cruentum 0.13 g 1−1 day−1. Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were the dominating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in P. cruentum, while only EPA accumulated in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the major PUFA in Isochrysis galbana, while Pavlova sp. had both EPA and DHA. This is the first report on the fatty acid profiles of Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chroococcus sp., Synechococcus sp. and Tribonema sp. 相似文献