F17大肠杆菌在湖羊羔羊个体脾脏中LncRNA表达谱变化

【目的】通过筛选对大肠杆菌（E.coli）F17菌毛非腹泻型与腹泻型的绵羊脾脏中差异表达的lncRNA,来探究lncRNA对绵羊抗腹泻的作用。【方法】本研究通过对湖羊羔羊口服E.coli F17菌株获得非腹泻和腹泻型个体,利用羔羊肠道细菌计数、病理组织切片验证攻毒成功性;构建非腹泻组和腹泻组羔羊脾脏的cDNA文库,使用Illumina HiSeq 2500平台进行配对测序;通过Gene Ontology（GO）和KEGG Pathway富集分析对差异表达转录本功能描述和细胞通路分析,利用FPKM法估计lncRNA和mRNA转录物的表达水平,并用高通量测序技术RNA-seq筛选出非腹泻和腹泻个体脾脏中的差异表达lncRNA;然后利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了非腹泻组和腹泻组羔羊脾脏组织中DE lncRNA和DE mRNA的表达水平,来验证筛选的DE lncRNA在非腹泻组过程中发挥作用。【结果】羔羊口服E.coli F17菌株后,出现非腹泻和腹泻两种表型,腹泻组羔羊肠道中的细菌数量显著高于非腹泻组（P<0.05）,同时腹泻组羔羊空肠黏膜组织出现不同程度的损伤,色泽暗沉,小肠绒毛部分脱落。笔者利用RNA-seq在非腹泻和腹泻羔羊脾脏中筛选出34个差异表达的（DE）lncRNA,703个的DE mRNA,随机选择一共12个DE lncRNA和DE mRNA,用q-PCR验证它们在非腹泻型和腹泻型羔羊体内的相对表达水平,发现与RNA-seq结果一致。通过Gene Ontology（GO）和KEGG Pathway富集分析,将DE lncRNA与GO 数据库进行比对的结果表明一共有34条lncRNA被注释和分类到302个功能亚类中,绵羊蛋白质结合（GO：0005515）,细胞核（GO：0005634）,poly（A）RNA结合（GO：0044822）,细胞质（GO：0005737）,组织重塑（GO：0048771）,内肽酶活性的调节（GO：0052548））,6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-双磷酸酶复合物（GO：0043540）,磷脂酰肌醇磷酸化（GO：0046854）,果糖-2,6-二磷酸2-磷酸酶活性（GO：0004331）,钙依赖性磷脂酶C活性（GO：0050429）等10 个功能亚类的lncRNA较多,而其余的功能亚类的lncRNA分布较少。将DE lncRNA与KEGG 通路数据库进行比对的结果表明,一共有34条lncRNA被注释和归类到149个KEGG 通路中,绵羊甲状腺激素信号通路（路径：ko04919）,Spliceosome（路径：ko03040）,白细胞跨内皮迁移（路径：ko04670）,神经营养因子信号通路（路径：ko04722）,溶酶体（路径：ko04142）,MAPK信号通路 - 途径（路径： ko04011）,鞘脂信号通路（路径：ko04071）,吞噬体（路径：ko04145）,氧化磷酸化（路径：ko00190）等9 个KEGG 通路的lncRNA较多,而其余的KEGG 通路的lncRNA分布较少。 通过lncRNA-mRNA相互作用网络分析,发现6个共表达基因：MYO1G、TIMM29、CARM1、ADGRB1、SEPT4、DESI2。【结论】探究了对于腹泻产生非腹泻和腹泻型羔羊脾脏中lncRNA的表达谱,发现了非腹泻和腹泻羔羊脾脏中差异表达的lncRNA,有助于找出羔羊如何抵抗腹泻的发生机制,为羔羊抵抗腹泻提供科学的依据。     

自然降雨对干化土壤水分恢复有效性分析

研究自然降雨对干化土壤水分恢复的有效性,有利于合理利用降水资源,加强干化土壤水分管理,促进土壤干层得到有效恢复。在陕北米脂试验站设置野外地下大型土柱,通过2014—2019年连续定位监测降雨、土壤含水率状况,分析自然降雨对干化土壤水分恢复的有效性。结果表明:(1)从深层干化土壤水分恢复角度考虑,黄土丘陵半干旱区降雨可以分为3种类型:表层入渗快速蒸发型、浅层入渗缓慢蒸发型和深层入渗补给型。其中深层入渗补给型降雨为有效降雨,该类型雨量>26 mm,能够对深层干化土壤产生有效水分补给。2014—2019年发生深层入渗补给型降雨仅16次,累积雨量791.8 mm,降雨次数、降雨量的有效率分别为4.64%和35.19%。(2)月尺度条件下,降雨量(P月)与逐月入渗深度(Z逐月)、月累积入渗深度(Z累积)均呈二次函数关系变化,Z逐月=-0.0102P月2+3.955P月-6.7335(R^2=0.9639),Z累积=-0.0003P月2-0.1331P月+191.71(R^2=0.9208)。(3)年尺度条件下,2014—2019年雨量分别为187.6,391.6,590.8,337.6,342.4,400.0 mm,降雨逐年引发的入渗深度依次为160,220,400,260,260,120 cm,累积入渗深度依次可达180,220,400,700,1000,1400 cm。研究结果对揭示自然降水恢复干化土壤机理,加强土壤干层人工蓄水保墒技术,合理选择保墒措施,以及促进当地生态环境建设具有积极的推动作用。     

香蕉新品种‘南天红’

香蕉新品种‘南天红’由‘南天黄’的自然突变选育而成。假茎平均高度2.59 m,幼树假茎外表面暗红色,抽蕾后转绿。雄花苞片外表面常为深红色,花苞卷曲,常不脱落;从种植到收获11 ~ 13个月,单株产量25 kg,品质好。中高抗香蕉枯萎病4号小种,采用配套的栽培技术可在所有香蕉种植区推广。     

Unraveling the morphological patterns of a subantarctic eelpout: a geometric morphometric approach

Phenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation).     

Movement patterns of an avian generalist predator indicate functional heterogeneity in agricultural landscape

Landscape Ecology - Biodiversity is closely related to landscape heterogeneity, but both are difficult to evaluate directly. Apex predators, such as raptors, are potential surrogate indicators of...     

基于掩模及亮度校正算法的脐橙表面缺陷分割

【目的】 本研究旨在有效解决果皮有缺陷的水果图像在去除背景时部分缺陷被误分割为背景,以及水果表面缺陷难以有效分割提取的问题。【方法】 以I分量图来构建掩模模板,根据其灰度直方图信息,通过双峰法选择单一阈值（T=75）分以纽荷尔脐橙为研究对象,提出基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景割背景并填充孔洞得到掩模模板I_mask,然后掩模模板I_mask与I分量图通过点乘运算得到去除背景的I分量图;提出基于多尺度高斯函数图像亮度校正算法对去除背景后的I分量图像进行亮度校正,通过构建多尺度高斯函数滤波器,将去除背景后的I分量图与构建的多尺度高斯函数进行卷积运算即得到去除背景后的I分量图像表面光照分量图,最后将去除背景后的I分量图与得到的光照分量图进行点除运算即得到去除背景后的I分量图像亮度校正图;然后采用单一全局阈值法对脐橙表面缺陷进行提取。【结果】 基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景,可在有效去除背景的同时完好保留脐橙的表面信息,有利于后续操作;基于多尺度高斯函数的图像亮度校正算法分别对6种常见脐橙缺陷进行图像亮度校正后采用单阈值法提取缺陷,使不同灰度等级的脐橙表面缺陷一次性分割成功,其中分割率最高为100%,最低为88.5%,整体达92.7%。通过试验分析后发现造成部分误分割或漏分割的原因主要在于部分缺陷果缺陷处颜色较轻,与正常区域灰度差较小,从而造成漏分割;还有部分缺陷果由于缺陷面积小,在图像形态学处理过程被误认为是噪声而被去除;同时发现正常果的误判率也达到了10.8%,经分析发现误判的正常果表皮组织区域的褶皱位于图像的边缘区域,从而被误认为是边缘区域的缺陷,导致误判。【结论】 基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景及基于多尺度高斯函数的图像亮度不均校正算法对纽荷尔脐橙图像背景分割和去除背景后的I分量图像表面亮度校正均取得了较好的效果,能有效识别脐橙缺陷区域,为脐橙精确分级提供了技术支持,也为其他果品表面缺陷快速检测提供了一种新思路。     

Thermal biology and locomotor performance in Phymaturus calcogaster: are Patagonian lizards vulnerable to climate change?

Behavioral and physiological traits of ectotherms are especially sensitive to fluctuations of environmental temperature. In particular, niche-specialist lizards are dependent on their physiological plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. Lizards of the genus Phymaturus are viviparous, mainly herbivorous, and inhabit only rock promontories in the steppe environments of Patagonia and the Andes. Herein, we examine the vulnerability of the southernmost Phymaturus species to global warming: the endemic Phymaturus calcogaster, which lives in a mesic environment in eastern Patagonia. We studied body temperatures in the field (T_b), preferred body temperatures in a thermogradient (T_pref), the operative (T_e) and environmental temperatures, and the dependence of running performance on body temperature. P. calcogaster had a mean T_b (27.04°C) and a mean T_e (31.15°C) both lower than their preferred temperature (T_pref = 36.61°C) and the optimal temperature for running performance (T_o = 37.13°C). Lizard activity seems to be restraint during the early afternoon due high environmental temperatures. However, both, the high safety margin and warming tolerance suggest that the expected increase in environmental temperatures due to global warming (IPCC report in 2018) would not threaten, but indeed enhance locomotor performance in this population.     

Effects of cerium oxide supplementation to laying hen diets on performance,egg quality,some antioxidant enzymes in serum and lipid oxidation in egg yolk

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cerium oxide levels (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg) on the laying performance, egg quality, some blood serum parameters and egg lipid peroxidation of laying hen. In total, one hundred and twenty 22‐week‐old brown Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly assigned to five groups equally (n = 24). Each treatment was replicated six times. Dietary supplementation of cerium oxide had no significant effect on feed intake and egg weight. The addition of cerium oxide to the laying hens' feed improved feed conversion ratio and increased (p < 0.05) egg production. Quality criteria of egg for except shell breaking strength were not affected by supplementing cerium oxide. In particular, supplementation of 200 and 300 mg/kg cerium oxide to the laying hens feed led to a significant (p < 0. 01) increase in egg shell breaking strength. Calcium and phosphorus concentration of serum increased significantly (p < 0.05) with supplementation of 100 mg/kg cerium oxide to laying hen diets. It was also observed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly with supplementation of cerium oxide in diets. Inclusion of cerium oxide resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in egg yolk in this study. It can be concluded that the addition of cerium oxide had positive effects on egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg shelf life. Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement laying hens feed with cerium oxide as feed additives.     

牦牛源正呼肠孤病毒2型的检测和分离鉴定

旨在调查川西北牦牛哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(MRV)的感染情况并分离病毒.采用RT PCR方法,对采自川西北15个牧场的72份牦牛腹泻粪便样本和其中5个牧场的15份腹泻牦牛血清样本进行MRV检测,阳性样本进一步用分型PCR确定其血清型.结果 显示,粪便样本中MRV检出率为20.83％(15/72),血清2型的比例为60％(...     

雪糕中16种反式脂肪酸的测定

建立气相色谱测定雪糕中反式脂肪酸含量的方法.2.0 g雪糕样品中加入8 mL浓盐酸和10 mL无水乙醇进行前处理,经SP-2560毛细管色谱柱分离,气相色谱仪-氢火焰离子化检测器检测,面积归一化法计算组分含量.结果表明:在优化的色谱条件下,方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.012％和0.024％;实现了反式脂肪酸甲酯与顺式...