Foliar Phosphorus Applications in the Forms of Phosphate and Phosphite Have Contrasting Effects on Wheat Performance Under Field Conditions

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Since phosphite (Phi) cannot replace phosphate (Pi) as source of phosphorus (P) for plants, and grain crops might experience P deficiency after anthesis,...     

Anesthetic effects of different volumes of lidocaine for spermatic cord block in cattle

Objective

To evaluate three volumes of lidocaine for spermatic cord block to perform castration in cattle.

East coast fever: 3. Chemoprophylactic immunization of cattle using oxytetracycline and a combination of theilerial strains

In the first of two experiments performed, 29 animals were immunized by chemoprophylaxis against either a combination of three theilerial strains, Theileria parva (Muguga), T. parva (Kiambu 5) and T. lawrencei (Serengeti transformed), or against one or two elements of the combination separately, and then challenged with either T. parva (Kiambu 1) or T. lawrencei (Solio KB1), both of which were known to be heterologous to T. parva (Muguga). The animals immunized against the combination had mild or inapparent reactions to challenge, whilst the susceptible control cattle and many of those immunized against one or two strains either had severe reactions of died.In the second experiment, 17 cattle immunized by chemoprophylaxis against the combination were challenged with lethal doses of three theilerial strains, T. parva (Entebbe 1), T. parva (Entebbe 2) and T. parva (Ukunda), recently isolated from two widely separated areas of East Africa. They had mild or inapparent reactions whilst 13 of 15 susceptible control cattle died.Chemoprophylaxis using a combination of theilerial strains and a limited oxytetracycline regimen was shown to be an effective means of immunizing cattle against East African theilerioses. The use of this technique as a method of immunizing cattle before exposure in the field is proposed.     

Development of a prophylactic regime using Terramycin/LA to assist in the introduction of susceptible cattle into heartwater endemic areas of Africa

As a result of a personal survey in 1982, interviewing veterinarians from Louis Trichardt to Uitenhage, it was concluded that bovine heartwater is currently regarded as the most serious tick-borne disease problem in South Africa. A combination of long-acting oxytetracycline and prednisolone is regarded as the most effective therapy. The disease is almost inevitable in unprotected young high-grade susceptible stock introduced into endemic areas such as the northern Transvaal and the Valley Bushveld of Natal and the Eastern Cape. A series of trials was conducted at Settlers, Pietermaritzburg and East London on farms representative of these areas and it was demonstrated that 4 injections of 20 mg/kg of long-acting oxytetracycline on Days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after introduction enabled such stock to be introduced without the disease occurring. A further trial was carried out on the Pietermaritzburg farm, where it was shown that the number of injections could be reduced to 3, on Days 7, 14 and 21 or Days 7, 12 and 17, or even 2 on Days 7 and 14. Two points need stressing. First, these results were obtained in areas of high heartwater endemicity. Second, in order to be confident that the regimen will be effective it is necessary to have acquired knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease at the farm. Thus in the 2nd year at Pietermaritzburg we were able to use a reduced treatment regime we knew the pattern of disease occurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)