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Sykes JE Sturges BK Cannon MS Gericota B Higgins RJ Trivedi SR Dickinson PJ Vernau KM Meyer W Wisner ER 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1427-1438
Background: Cryptococcus spp. is a fungal pathogen with a predilection for the central nervous system (CNS). Objectives: To compare the clinical, advanced imaging, and neuropathologic findings in dogs and cats with CNS cryptococcosis, and to evaluate outcome of treatment in these animals. Animals: Twenty‐six cats and 21 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for clinical findings and results of CNS imaging. Archived cerebrospinal fluid and CNS tissue specimens were reviewed for pathology. Findings in cats were compared with those in dogs and the effects of variables on survival were determined by survival curve analysis. Results: When present, pain was localized to the cervical region in dogs and was generalized or localized to the thoracolumbar spine or pelvic limbs in cats. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were variable but correlated with CNS histopathological findings of meningitis, meningitis with gelatinous pseudocyst formation, and granulomatous mass lesions. Peripherally enhancing brain lesions were seen only in cats. Histopathologically, the inflammatory response was milder in cats compared with dogs. Remissions of ≥1 year occurred in 32% of treated animals. Altered mentation was associated with negative outcome. Glucocorticoid use after diagnosis was associated with improved survival in the first 10 days. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Lesions seen on MRI reflected neuropathological findings and were similar to those reported in human patients. The immune response to infection may differ between cats and dogs, or relate to the infecting cryptococcal species. Long‐term (>6 month median survival time) survival may be possible in animals surviving ≥4 days after diagnosis. 相似文献
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K K Trivedi 《Veterinary parasitology》1986,22(1-2):77-86
The maximum activity (Vmax) of acid phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C was found to be 2.68 +/- 0.25 and 3.85 +/- 0.24 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female Bunostomum trigonocephalum, respectively. The Vmax of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.1) at pH 10.0 and 37 degrees C was 0.75 +/- 0.04 and 1.15 +/- 0.05 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female B. trigonocephalum, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) values were 10.25 mM and 11.76 mM for acid and 8.69 mM and 9.09 mM for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in male and female worms, respectively. Enzymal activities were optimum at 7.0 and 9.0% enzyme concentrations, at incubation periods of 60 and 20 min and at temperatures of 50 and 45 degrees C for acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, respectively. Dialysis in distilled water decreased the activity of both enzymes, while only acid phosphomonoesterase activity increased in citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in carbonate buffer (pH 10.0). 相似文献
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Joy E. Tomlinson Amit Kapoor Arvind Kumar Bud C. Tennant Melissa A. Laverack Laurie Beard Katie Delph Elizabeth Davis Harold Schott II Kara Lascola Todd C. Holbrook Philip Johnson Sandra D. Taylor Erica McKenzie Jessica Carter‐Arnold Emilie Setlakwe Lisa Fultz Jeff Brakenhoff Rebecca Ruby Sheetal Trivedi Gerlinde R. Van de Walle Randall W. Renshaw Edward J. Dubovi Thomas J. Divers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):251-257
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DISEASE SUMMARY: Cryptococcosis, principally caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, is the most common systemic mycosis of cats worldwide. Cats may be infected following inhalation of spores from the environment, with the nasal cavity suspected as being the initial site of colonization and subsequent infection. Other sites of infection in cats are the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, central nervous system (CNS), eyes and, occasionally, periarticular connective tissue. Cryptococcosis can be diagnosed using serology (antigen testing), cytologic examination of smears, histopathology or culture. Treatment of localized disease is generally successful using azole antifungal drugs; however, cats with CNS involvement or disseminated disease require additional treatment with amphotericin B, with or without flucytosine. The prognosis is variable, depending on host and pathogen factors. Some cats require long-term (>1 year) treatment or indefinite therapy. PATIENT GROUP: Cats of any breed, gender and age may be affected. Retroviral status does not appear to be a risk factor for developing cryptococcosis and indoor cats are not protected from disease. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: Feline cryptococcosis occurs worldwide, but is most frequently reported in Australia, western Canada and the western United States. Species and molecular type vary in different geographical regions and may affect clinical presentation and antifungal susceptibility patterns. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Serologic tests that detect cryptococcal antigen in serum are sensitive and specific, but false negatives can occur in cats with localized disease. Long-term drug therapy can be expensive and has the potential for toxicity. The extent to which the pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility is affected by molecular type is currently under study. EVIDENCE BASE: This review draws on recent literature relating to epidemiology, CNS involvement and advanced diagnostic imaging to update clinicians regarding research findings relevant to clinical practice. 相似文献
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K. K. Gangopadhyay Ashish Singh Manas Kumar Bag Pragya Ranjan T. V. Prasad Anirban Roy M. Dutta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):775-790
The wild species in general is considered to be the reservoir of genes especially for biotic and abiotic stresses. In okra, the predominant biotic stresses are yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD), shoot and fruit borer and leaf hopper. Sixty eight (68) accessions belonging to four wild Abelmoschus species [Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik., Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik. and Abelmoschus tuberculatus Pal et Singh] and eight okra varieties were characterized and evaluated for phenological characters including biotic stresses under natural epiphytotic condition. The wild species examined consisted of 18 accessions (16 exotic and 2 indigenous) of A. caillei, 29 accessions of A. manihot, 16 accessions of A. moschatus and 5 accessions of A. tuberculatus. All the wild Abelmoschus species exhibited high diversity (as measured by Shannon Diversity Index) for 3 qualitative characters viz. intensity of stem colour, leaf shape, epicalyx shape, 13 quantitative characters and 3 biotic stress parameters. Among the wild species, A. caillei and A. tuberculatus showed maximum and minimum diversity for qualitative characters, respectively. There was significant variation for 19 out of 24 quantitative characters studied. Inter-species diversity pattern as estimated through Ward’s Minimum Variance Dendrogram and Principal Component Analysis revealed clear differentiation among the species with minimum overlapping indicating close association between geographical origins and clustering pattern. Intra-species diversity indicated role of specific adaptation in sub-clustering. Resistance to YVMD was found in accessions belonging to three wild species viz. A. caillei, A. manihot and A. moschatus while resistance to shoot and fruit borer and leaf hopper was found in accessions of all the four wild species. The resistant accessions can further be used for introgressing biotic stress resistance through pre-breeding into cultivated okra species. 相似文献
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Mountain ecosystems are often identified as being particularly sensitive to climate change, however this has rarely been investigated at the scale of individual mountain ranges using local relationships between plants and climate. This study uses fine resolution data to assess the potential changes to internationally important Arctic-alpine plant communities in three national nature reserves in the Scottish Highlands, United Kingdom. Distribution models were created for 31 species, representing a range of community types. A relationship between distribution and temperature was found for all species. These models were aggregated to explore potential future changes to each community under two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warming scenarios for the 2080s. The results indicate that Arctic-alpine communities in these reserves could undergo substantial species turnover, even under the lower climate change scenario. For example, Racomitrium-Carex moss-heath, a distinctive community type of the British uplands, could lose suitable climate space as other communities spread uphill. These findings highlight the need to maintain these communities in an optimal condition in which they can be most resilient to such change, to monitor them for signals of change and to develop more flexible conservation policies which account for future changes in mountain protected areas. 相似文献
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D Trivedi 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(4):809-810
A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for the separation of various stimulants of forensic and pharmaceutical interest. The data consist of retention time, relative retention time, corrected retention time, and relative corrected retention time, calculated using ephedrine as reference standard. 相似文献