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1.
Comparison of emission estimates for non‐CO2 greenhouse gases from livestock and poultry in Korea from 1990 to 2010
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It has often been claimed that non‐carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (NCGGs), such as methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated greenhouse gases, are significant contributors to climate change. Here we nvestigate emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide from livestock and poultry production, which is recognized as a major source of those NCGGs, in Korea over the period of 1990 through 2010. Based on the data on livestock and poultry populations, emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide are first derived based on the Tier 1 approach. Then, the Tier 2 approach is adopted to obtain emission estimates of methane and nitrous oxide from cattle, which are known to be the largest sources of these NCGGs and account for about 70% of emissions from livestock and poultry in Korea. The result indicates that the Tier 2 estimates of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management are significantly different from the Tier 1 estimates over the analysis period. 相似文献
2.
本研究通过调查苏氨酸与赖氨酸的比率对猪生长性能、表观可消化能和血液尿素氮 (BUN)浓度的影响 , 估测生长阉公猪和小母猪所需最佳苏氨酸与赖氨酸的比率 . 试验采用 150头杂交猪 (长白×约克夏×杜洛克 , 平均体重为 16.75± 0.45 , 其中阉公猪 75头 , 小母猪 75头 ), 按 2× 3析因设计 , 随机分成 6个处理 阉公猪日粮含赖氨酸 1.12% , 按苏氨酸与赖氨 酸比率为 50% 、 60% 和 70% 分成 3个处理 小母猪日粮含赖氨酸 1.33% , 按苏氨酸与赖氨酸比 率为 50% 、 60% 和 70% 分成 3个处理 . 经整个试验期 (体重从 16至 56 ). 在平均日增重、平均 日采食量和饲料转化率方面 , 动物性别和苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率之间无相互影响 . 在生长性能 方面 , 有明显的性别影响 与小母猪相比 , 阉公猪表现出较好的生长性能 , 消耗较多的饲料 (P< 0.01)以及生长的较快 (P< 0.01). 随着苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率的增大 , 阉公猪的 ADG和 FCR有增加的倾向 , 但差异不显著 . 在除粗灰分 (CA)外的可消化性养分方面 , 动物性别和苏氨 酸与赖氨酸比率之间无相互影响 . 在性别之间 , 除小母猪对钙具有较高的可消化性 (P< 0.01)外 , 可消化性养分没有存在的差异 . 而日粮苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率对可消化性养分无影响 . 可消化性必需氨基酸 (EEA)、非必需氨基酸 (NEAA)和总氨基酸 (TTA)的平均值没有受到性别 和苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率的影响 . 没有发现性别和日粮中苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率相互影响的证据 . 在性别之间 , 小母猪的总 BUN浓度比阉公猪低 (P< 0.05). 可以得出结论 " 阉公猪日粮 (赖氨 酸水平为 1.12% )中 , 苏氨酸与赖氨酸比率为 70% , 小母猪日粮 (赖氨酸水平为 1.33% )中 , 苏 氨酸与赖氨酸比率为 60% , 较其它比率的苏氨酸与赖氨酸 , 分别获得较好的生长性能、养分 利用和较低的 BUN浓度 . 相似文献
3.
Tohru Watanabe Kohzy Hiramatsu Yasushige Ohmori Young-Ki Paik 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1990,19(3):245-254
The distribution patterns of acetylcholine esterase positive nerve fibers in the goat adrenal gland is described. Some positive cells are observed within the capsule. Terminals were identified in both the medulla and the cortex of the gland. 相似文献
4.
We directly observed the hydration dynamics of an excess electron in the finite-sized water clusters of (H2O)n- with n = 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35. We initiated the solvent motion by exciting the hydrated electron in the cluster. By resolving the binding energy of the excess electron in real time with femtosecond resolution, we captured the ultrafast dynamics of the electron in the presolvated ("wet") and hydrated states and obtained, as a function of cluster size, the subsequent relaxation times. The solvation time (300 femtoseconds) after the internal conversion [140 femtoseconds for (H2O)35-] was similar to that of bulk water, indicating the dominant role of the local water structure in the dynamics of hydration. In contrast, the relaxation in other nuclear coordinates was on a much longer time scale (2 to 10 picoseconds) and depended critically on cluster size. 相似文献
5.
6.
Jangwoon Park Wongi Hong Jeongrim Jeong Myungeun Lee Youngjoo Chae Minjoo Paik Gilsoo Cho Heecheon You 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(8):1400-1406
As the demand in the market for a product with a high sensibility has dramatically increased, research has been conducted in designing products for better sensibility; however, most studies have employed a paper-and-pencil (P&P) questionnaire in administering a sensibility evaluation, causing a lack of efficiency and systematicity in sensibility research. The present study developed a computerized textile sensibility evaluation system which can be used to efficiently evaluate the visual, tactile, visual-tactile, and auditory sensibilities of textiles and examined its effectiveness in visual sensibility evaluation compared with the traditional P&P evaluation method. The computerized evaluation system has capabilities of managing information of textile properties, designing a sensibility evaluation experiment, administering a sensibility evaluation, and managing evaluation data for post hoc analysis. The test-retest protocol was administered with a within-subject design for 15 females in their 20 s and 30 s to examine the difference in visual sensibility evaluation between the P&P method and the computer-based method. A high correlation (r=.88~.97) was found in sensibility evaluation between the two methods and the computer-based system showed a higher repeatability within a rater in repeated evaluation (a decrease of 25 % in intra-rater SD), which indicates the computer-based method is an effective alternative to the P&P method in visual sensibility evaluation. The findings of the present study support use of a computerized system for practitioners to efficiently identify preferred characteristics of textiles for the design of sensible clothing. 相似文献
7.
TS Kim SH Lee GT Gang YS Lee SU Kim DB Koo MY Shin CK Park DS Lee 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e201-e206
The sperm‐mediated gene transfer method is applicable to transgenesis in many species that use spermatozoa for reproduction recently, which has been shown various results. In the current study, we show that transgenic porcine embryos can be efficiently produced by employing a simple transfection method that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The complexes formed between plasmid DNA and MNPs were bounded on ejaculated boar spermatozoa at a higher efficiency compared to methods using DNA alone or lipofection. Using confocal microscopy, rhodamine fluorophore‐labelled MNPs were detected on external surfaces of the spermatozoa membrane, which were bounded on zona pellucida of in vitro maturated oocyte during in vitro fertilization. Electron microscopy revealed that clusters of MNPs were detected in inside of plasma membrane and nucleus of the spermatozoa head. Additionally, we found that magnetofected boar spermatozoa could be fertilized with oocytes in vitro and that the resulting gene of green fluorescent protein was detected in fertilized eggs by genomic PCR analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MNPs can be used to efficiently introduce a transgene into embryo via spermatozoa. 相似文献
8.
Water interactions in polycarbonate films have been studied using fluorescence and NIR Fourier transform spectroscopy. During
water sorption process, the fluorescence emission spectra showed sensitive changes with the peak at 332 nm red shifted by
18 nm with water sorption. This red-shifted peak could be due to phenyl-2-phenoxybezoate, which is one of two major thermal
degradation products in polycarbonate. In the spectra of phenyl-2-phenoxybenzoate in dimethyl formamide solution, a progressive
red shift was also observed with the water addition. By using the NIR spectra, hydrogen-bonding interactions of the sorbed
water with polycarbonate were investigated. It was found that water can be analyzed as free water S0 or single hydrogen bonded water, S1 while double hydrogen bonded water was negligible. During water immersion, most water species which are present as S0 species decrease slightly, with a small increase in S1 species. During desorption, S0 species decrease sharply, while S1 species is reduced gradually. Two examples of S1 structure in water-sorbed polycarbonate are proposed. 相似文献
9.
1 亲本来源辽单 2 7号 (原名辽 940 4 )为辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所以自选系辽 2 30 9为母本 ,引入系丹340为父本杂交组配而成。辽 2 30 9自选系是 1 990年以美国先锋杂交种7861 3(op)为基础材料连续自交多代选择育成。辽 2 30 9一般配合力高 ,高抗大、小斑病和丝黑穗病 ,抗病毒病和茎基腐病 ,秆硬抗倒 ,株形紧凑 ,活秆成熟 ,产量高。2 辽单 2 7号选育经过1 992年冬在海南岛测配时用丹 340 (是当时测验种之一 )配制成辽 2 30 9×丹 340杂交组合。1 993~ 1 994年进行院内品比试验。 1 995年参加辽宁省区域试验预备试验 ,1 996~ 1 997… 相似文献
10.
Five red shikonin pigments, deoxyshikonin, shikonin, acetylshikonin, isobutylshikonin, and beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, were isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cultivated in Korea. The purified pigments were red, purple, and blue at acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values, respectively. Physical stability of the purified pigments against heat and light in an aqueous solution was examined for possible value-added food colorants. The thermal degradation reactions were carried out at pH 3.0 (50 mM glycine buffer) in 50% EtOH/H(2)O. Deoxyshikonin (t(1/2) = 14.6 h, 60 degrees C) and isobutylshikinin (t(1/2) = 19.3 h, 60 degrees C) are relatively less stable than other shikonin derivatives (t(1/2) = 40-50 h, 60 degrees C). Activation energies of thermal degradation of the isolated pigments were calculated. The activation energy of deoxyshikonin was the highest (12.5 kcal mol(-)(1)) and that of beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin was the lowest (1.71 kcal mol(-)(1)) value. Light stabilities of the pigments were similar to each other in that the half-life values of photodegradation for 20000 lx light intensity were 4.2-5.1 h. 相似文献