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1.
Amin A. Nomeir Nicolas P. Hajjar Ernest Hodgson Walter C. Dauterman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1980,13(2):112-120
EPN is twice as toxic as EPNO to house flies from both the Diazinon-resistant strain and the susceptible strain. EPN and EPNO are also eight times more toxic to the susceptible than the resistant strain. This is due to the ability of the resistant strain to metabolize these compounds to a greater extent. Metabolism by the glutathione S-transferases present in the 100,000g supernatant is more extensive than that by the NADPH-dependent microsomal mixed-function oxidases. The glutathione S-transferases are the major route of metabolism for EPN and appear to be the principal mechanism conferring resistance. EPN was metabolized by the microsomal fraction via oxidative desulfuration to the oxygen analog, EPNO, and by oxidative dearylation to p-nitrophenol. EPNO was metabolized by the same system to p-nitrophenol and desethyl EPNO as well as to an unknown metabolite. The soluble fraction metabolized EPN to p-nitrophenol, S-(p-nitrophenyl)glutathione, O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioic acid, and S-(O-ethyl phenylphosphonothionyl)glutathione. The identification of the latter conjugate demonstrates a new type of metabolite of organophosphorus compounds. EPNO was metabolized by the soluble fraction to p-nitrophenol and S-(p-nitrophenyl)glutathione. 相似文献
2.
Talbot CE Mueller K Granger N Jeffery ND 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(10):1558-1561
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 1-month-old female alpaca was examined because of progressive clinical signs consistent with an intracranial lesion. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included signs of depression, lethargy, tetraparesis, and neck weakness. Two large isointense intracranial masses could be seen on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. On T2-weighted images, the masses contained concentric rings of hypointense and hyperintense material. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: 2 abscesses were removed via a craniotomy that incorporated removal of the sagittal crest and surrounding skull and transection of the sagittal sinus. The bony deficit was replaced with polypropylene mesh. The alpaca recovered within 2 weeks and was fully integrated into the herd within 1 month after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings indicated that surgical removal is a feasible means of successfully treating intracranial abscesses in juvenile alpacas. 相似文献
3.
Nicolas Blouin Fei Xiugeng Jiang Peng Charles Yarish Susan H. Brawley 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):77-91
Nets in traditional Porphyra mariculture are seeded with conchospores derived from the conchocelis phase, and spend a nursery period in culture tanks or calm coastal waters until they reach several centimeters in length. Some species of Porphyra can regenerate the foliose phase directly through asexual reproduction, which suggests that the time, infrastructure, and costs associated with conchocelis culture might be avoided by seeding nets with asexual spores. Here, we present work from a short-term mariculture study using nets seeded with asexual spores (neutral spores) of a native Maine species of Porphyra. Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kützing was selected for this proof of concept research because of its reproductive biology, abundance across seasons in Maine, and evidence of its promise as a mariculture crop. We studied the maturation, release, and germination of the neutral spores to develop an appropriate seeding protocol for nets, followed by development of a nursery raceway to provide an easily manipulated environment for the seeded nets. Neutral spores were produced throughout the year on the central Maine coast; however, there was a temporal variability in the number and survival of released neutral spores, depending upon thallus position in the intertidal zone. Small thalli were strictly vegetative, but most thalli reproduced by neutral spores; sexual reproduction was absent. Neutral spores germinated quickly at 10 and 15 °C, but germination was delayed at 5 °C. Unlike some algal zygotes and spores, neutral spores of P. umbilicalis required light to germinate; however, irradiances of 25 and 100 μmol photons m− 2 s− 1 were equally sufficient for germination. Rafts of seeded nets were deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine, at two distances from salmon aquaculture pens and at a control site on a nearby, fallow aquaculture site (no salmon). There was no difference in nitrogen content of harvested thalli; however, both the density and the surface area of harvested thalli were different among the sites. The possible causes of these differences are discussed in the context of potential use of P. umbilicalis in IMTA. 相似文献
4.
We argue that thematic resolution, i.e., the level of categorical detail of a thematic map expressed by the number of classes
included in the map legend, is an inherent component of the scale at which a landscape is analyzed. Changing the number of
classes can change the configuration of the patch mosaic as much as changing the grain does. We address recent calls in this
and other journals to deepen research in this topic. In particular, we report how thematic resolution affects the patchiness
of mosaics representing natural landscapes, which have seldom been studied in this respect. We selected seven 50 × 50 km landscapes
within national parks, each representative of a world biome. We applied an object-based unsupervised classification to Landsat
TM imagery of these landscapes using increasing numbers of classes, between 2 and 50, and derived curves of mean patch size
and patch density for each site. Our results are consistent with previous findings in that the patchiness of output mosaics
increases monotonically with increasing thematic resolution, with a higher rate of increase up to eight classes that declines
until it becomes roughly constant for more than 16 classes. However, this constant rate of increase is still considerable,
meaning that, at least for natural landscapes, there is no threshold beyond which the patch-mosaic model is independent of
the conceptual filter applied. This dependence on human fiat calls for re-thinking the patch-mosaic paradigm. 相似文献
5.
Christophe Roy Nicolas Vidal-Naquet 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2022,63(5):541
Honey bees are most often kept for production purposes. Sanitary, regulatory, or zootechnical circumstances may lead the beekeeper or the veterinarian to dispose of a honey-bee colony. Unfortunately and at present, no standard method of euthanasia exists, leaving the door open to many more or less acceptable practices. Based on a short survey of current practices in 8 countries, we list and rank these methods. Although imperfect, the sulfur dioxide technique appears to be the most efficient. We suggest that it should become the reference method to be taught and incorporated into veterinary and regulatory guidelines. 相似文献
6.
Spontaneous electrical signals in the retina's photoreceptors impose a limit on visual sensitivity. Their origin is attributed to a thermal, rather than photochemical, activation of the transduction cascade. Although the mechanism of such a process is under debate, the observation of a relationship between the maximum absorption wavelength (λ(max)) and the thermal activation kinetic constant (k) of different visual pigments (the Barlow correlation) indicates that the thermal and photochemical activations are related. Here we show that a quantum chemical model of the bovine rod pigment provides a molecular-level understanding of the Barlow correlation. The transition state mediating thermal activation has the same electronic structure as the photoreceptor excited state, thus creating a direct link between λ(max) and k. Such a link appears to be the manifestation of intrinsic chromophore features associated with the existence of a conical intersection between its ground and excited states. 相似文献
7.
Robles Jimenez Lizbeth E. Ruiz Perez Jose A. Nicolas Di Lorenzo Chay Canul Alfonso J. Ramirez-Rivera Julio Cesar Villegas-Estrada Daniela Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(3):1257-1267
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Currently for the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions are using fodder rich in condensed tannins, however, not yet known exactly how they act in the rumen... 相似文献
8.
Caroline Djian-Caporalino Sergio Molinari Alain Palloix Aurelio Ciancio Ariane Fazari Nathalie Marteu Nicolas Ris Philippe Castagnone-Sereno 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(3):431-440
The emergence of virulent root-knot nematode populations, able to overcome the resistance conferred by some of the resistance
genes (R-genes) in Solanaceous crops, i.e., Mi(s) in tomato, Me(s) in pepper, may constitute a severe limitation to their use in the field. Research has been conducted to evaluate the durability
of these R-genes, by comparing the reproduction of several laboratory-selected and wild virulent Meloidogyne incognita isolates, on both susceptible and resistant tomatoes and peppers. We first show that the Me1 R-gene in pepper behaves as a robust R-gene controlling avirulent and virulent Me3, Me7 or Mi-1 isolates. Although the reproductive potential of the virulent isolates was highly variable on susceptible and resistant plants,
we also confirm that virulence is highly specific to a determined R-gene on which selection has occurred. Another significant
experimental result is the observation that a reproductive fitness cost is associated with nematode virulence against Mi-1 in tomato and Me3 and Me7 in pepper. The adaptative significance of trade-offs between selected characters and fitness-related traits, suggests that,
although the resistance can be broken, it may be preserved in some conditions if the virulent nematodes are counter-selected
in susceptible plants. All these results have important consequences for the management of plant resistance in the field. 相似文献
9.
Rust resistance in the sunflower line P386 is controlled by Pu6, a gene which was reported to segregate independently from other rust resistant genes, such as R4. The objectives of this work were to map Pu6, to provide and validate molecular tools for its identification, and to determine the linkage relationship of Pu6 and R4. Genetic mapping of Pu6 with six markers covered 24.8 cM of genetic distance on the lower end of linkage Group 13 of the sunflower consensus map. The marker most closely linked to Pu6 was ORS316 at 2.5 cM in the distal position. ORS316 presented five alleles when was assayed with a representative set of resistant and susceptible lines. Allelism test between Pu6 and R4 indicated that both genes are linked at a genetic distance of 6.25 cM. This is the first confirmation based on an allelism test that at least two members of the Radv/R4/R11/ R13a/R13b/Pu6 cluster of genes are at different loci. A fine elucidation of the architecture of this complex locus will allow designing and constructing completely new genomic regions combining genes from different resistant sources and the elimination of the linkage drag around each resistant gene. 相似文献
10.
Intra‐household constraints on educational attainment in rural households in Papua New Guinea 下载免费PDF全文
Sean Ryan Gina Koczberski George Nicolas Curry Emmanuel Germis 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2017,58(1):27-40
This paper examines intra‐household and socio‐cultural factors leading to differential outcomes in educational attainment by gender and birth order amongst smallholder oil palm households in Papua New Guinea. Not all children share equitably in the household resources allocated to education: females have lower average education levels than males, and high birth order children have higher education attainment than lower birth order siblings, indicating preferential parental investment in sons and early born children. The findings demonstrate that despite households having regular access to relatively high incomes from oil palm and residing in close proximity to schools, primary school net enrolment rates remain significantly lower than those for East Asia and the Pacific region, and the millennium development goal of universal primary education has not been met. This finding is likely to be the result of a combination of intra‐household factors including gender power imbalances, low parental education levels, the agency of youth in educational decision‐making and the weakening attraction of education as a means of improving income‐earning potential. 相似文献