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排序方式: 共有293条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Multi#ex—CAPS技术及其在番茄遗传鉴定中的应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
:应用Multiplex—PCR和CAPS(Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence)原理研究建立了Mutiplex—CAPS技术。该技术包括:(1)在PCR扩增反应体系加入2对、3对或多对核苷酸引物,经30~40个扩增循环后得到每对引物的特异扩增片段;(2)应用同一种限制性内切酶消化这些不同引物经扩增后获得的特异片段;(3)琼脂糖凝胶电泳溴化乙锭染色检测酶切片段长度的多态性。利用该技术对番茄(Lycopersicon es—cdentum)TA517及其近等基因系的分析表明,Multiplex—CAPS能同时检测2个、3个或多个CAPS标记的多态性,其效果等同于每个CAPS标记的多态性的叠加,重复性好,分析效率高,降低成本数倍。 相似文献
3.
Vito Armando Laudicina Agata Novara Vito Barbera Markus Egli Luigi Badalucco 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(1):45-53
Several studies have reported how tillage and cropping systems affect quantity, quality, and distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) along the profile. However, the effect of soil management on the chemical structure of SOM and on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic components has been little investigated. In this work, the long‐term (19 years) effects of two cropping systems (wheat monoculture and wheat/faba bean rotation) and three tillage managements (conventional, reduced, and no tillage) on some chemical characteristics of SOM and their relationships with labile carbon (C) pools were evaluated. Soil samples were taken from the topsoil (0–15 cm) of a Chromic Haploxerert (central Sicily, Italy). After 19 years of different tillage and cropping systems management, total organic C significantly differed among treatments with the labile organic C pools showing the greater amount in no till and in wheat/faba bean plots. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of SOM, determined by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, were mainly affected by cropping system, whereas aromatic components of SOM by tillage. Soil organic matter components and characteristics showed significant correlations with the soil biochemical parameters, confirming the expected synergism between chemical and biochemical properties. This study demonstrated that (i) no tillage and crop rotation improve the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM of Vertisols under semiarid environment; and (ii) tillage management and cropping systems have affected, after 19 years, more the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM than its quantity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Saverio Paltrinieri Luigi Gradoni Xavier Roura Andrea Zatelli Eric Zini 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):552-578
Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α2‐ and/or γ‐globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo‐ or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector‐borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine‐needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high‐titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored. 相似文献
5.
Intorre L Meucci V Di Bello D Monni G Soldani G Pretti C 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(4):590-595
OBJECTIVE: To determine tolerance of goldfish and zebrafish to benzalkonium chloride, formalin, malachite green, and potassium permanganate. DESIGN: Tolerance study. ANIMALS: Adult goldfish (Carassius auratus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). PROCEDURES: Groups of fish (n = 10/group) were exposed to each disinfectant at the therapeutic dosage; at 0.25, 0.5, 3, and 5 times the concentration used for the therapeutic dosage; and at the concentration used for the therapeutic dosage but for 3 or 5 times the recommended exposure time. RESULTS: In both species, exposure to malachite green at the therapeutic dosage resulted in toxic effects, including death. Exposure to formalin at the therapeutic dosage resulted in toxic effects in goldfish, but not zebrafish, and exposure to potassium permanganate resulted in toxic effects in zebrafish, but not goldfish. On the basis of the ratio of therapeutic dosage to median lethal dosage, in goldfish, formalin was more toxic than benzalkonium chloride, which was more toxic than malachite green, which was more toxic than potassium permanganate. In zebrafish, potassium permanganate was more toxic than formalin and benzalkonium chloride, which were approximately equally toxic and more toxic than malachite green. Extending treatment time increased the toxicity of potassium permanganate in zebrafish and the toxicity of formalin and malachite green in goldfish, but did not alter the toxicity of the other disinfectants. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that there was no consistency between zebrafish and goldfish in their tolerance to disinfectants, and that therapeutic dosages reported in the literature for these disinfectants were not always safe. 相似文献
6.
Estimating evapotranspiration in the Padova Botanical Garden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In 1996, intensive building operations near the botanical garden of Padova, the oldest botanical garden in the world, altered a long-established equilibrium between groundwater and plants and threatened the lives of some of them. To avoid water stress, an advanced irrigation system was installed. For design purposes, better knowledge of the water cycle and the monthly average evapotranspiration (ET) in the area was needed. Due to the complex canopy stand of the site, ET was estimated using the water balance method, integrating mathematical models with the Arc/Info Geographical Information System. The water balance was estimated in 1997 and 1998, and results were used to derive an empirical mean crop coefficient of the botanical garden, to simulate the long-term water requirements using the product of reference ET and the apparent crop coefficient to estimate ET from the garden. Two types of hydrological behaviour were identified: one in the central area of the garden, where reduced ground cover diminishes ET and increases runoff and percolation. In the external area, the ET was higher because of the presence of many trees. The empirical mean monthly crop coefficient ranged between 0.56 and 0.83, indicating that ET in the entire area is always less than grass reference ET. 相似文献
7.
Massimiliano Cardinale Valerio Bartolino Marcos Llope Luigi Maiorano Mattias Sköld Jacob Hagberg 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(3):289-298
Increased knowledge on the spatial distribution of marine resources is crucial for the implementation of a true ecosystem approach to management and the conservation of marine organisms. For exploited fish species characterized by aggregation behaviour during spawning time, the identification and tracking of spawning areas is essential for a correct assessment of their productivity and population abundance. To elucidate this concept, we reconstructed the spatio‐temporal distribution of adult plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, Pleuronectidae) during spawning time along the 20th century. Historical data reveal that not only the abundance but also the former population richness was much higher than previously estimated and has declined because of protracted over‐exploitation during the last 30 years. We conclude that forecast of stock recovery to former levels of abundance neglecting spatial reorganizations might be over‐optimistic and shaded by a lost memory of the past population richness. These results reinforce the importance of managing exploited marine resources at a greater spatial resolution than has been carried out in the history of fishery management. 相似文献
8.
Martina Caramante Rosa Rao Luigi Maria Monti Giandomenico Corrado 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):560-564
‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain. 相似文献
9.
The effects of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the concentration of volatile compounds released by yeasts during the production of red wine were investigated by inoculation with four commercial starters of Oenococcus oeni. Volatile compounds in wine at the end of MLF were extracted, analyzed by GC-MS and GC, and compared with those extracted form a noninoculated reference sample. Several esters known to play a role in the aroma profile of red wine, such as C4-C8 ethyl fatty acid esters and 3-methylbutyl acetate, were found to increase with MLF, and their final concentration was dependent on the bacterial starter employed for the induction of MLF. The overall increase of ethyl fatty acid esters was generally larger than the one observed for acetate esters. Ethyl lactate, 3-hydroxybutanoate, 2-phenylethanol, methionol, and gamma-butyrolactone were also increased by bacterial metabolism. The impact of MLF on other volatiles or red wine, including several higher alcohols, fatty acids, and nitrogen compounds, was generally negligible. 相似文献
10.
利用智能LCR测量仪和平板电极系统,用无损检测方法测定了桃子在储藏过程中电特性的变化。结果表明:在12Hz~100kHz的频段内,桃子的最佳测试频段为15kHz以下,此时桃子随着储藏时间的增加,等效阻抗增大而相对介电常数和介质损耗因数减小;当桃子开始腐烂时,电特性数值出现了一个大的反复 相似文献