Concepts and Direction of Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants and its Application

Resistance to plant disease is often specific and metabolites and receptors contributing to this specificity may have specific structures. However, simple, structurally-unrelated compounds induce systemic resistance in unrelated plants to diverse pathogens including fungi, bacteria and viruses. Both resistance and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are associated with the rapid accumulation of the same structurally unrelated putative defense compounds that have diverse functions. It has been suggested that cultivar (race)-specific resistance is initiated by the specific interaction of a pathogen product (or pathogen induced product) and a plant receptor. However, restricted infection by pathogens can result in ISR and many different compounds can cause ISR. It is thus evident that there are both specific and non-specific routes to the master switch for ISR and there may be more than one master switch. Are reactive oxygen species and free radicals regulating the master switch(es) via both routes? It is also evident there are many switches, other than the master switch. Adding to the complexity of resistance and ISR are the observations that different compounds and pathways may mediate different biochemical resistances. Activation of one of the pathways may antagonize or enhance the activation or effectiveness of another. The review will address these complexities and questions and propose directions of research which require high priority. Factors which encourage and suppress the application of ISR in agriculture will also be addressed.     

RT13型指盘搂草机的设计与研究

针对天然草场产草量低、收集成本高及国外机具价格高这一现状,设计了RT13型指盘搂草机。在介绍搂草机整机结构及工作原理的基础上,对其指盘的运动及指盘平面距离等主要参数进行了设计计算。草场作业试验表明:该搂草机操作简单,形成的草条连续、外形整齐,可有效减少牧草收集时间,从而降低机具燃油消耗及人工成本。该机具各项技术性能指标符合设计要求,满足天然草场的收获要求。     

9BS-2.4苜蓿草种籽播种机的设计研究

针对以紫花苜蓿为代表的豆科牧草种子机械化种植的工艺要求,设计研制了9BS-1.8型苜蓿草种籽播种机。同时,介绍了该机的整体结构、工作原理、技术参数,以及主要部件的设计原理和设计方法。该研究对苜蓿草种籽播种机的研制及相关技术的推广有着指导作用。     

GPRS无线数据传送在农情监测系统中的应用

在精准农业的农情监测系统中,要对各种信息(如GPS地理位置信息、土壤信息等)进行传输。为此,利用GPRS模块Q2406B和单片机W77E58,实现农情监测信息在中国移动GPRS网络上的无线传送。该技术使用方便,成本较低,可以稳定地传送数据,有利于大规模监测网络的建立。     

基于地理权重回归模型的土壤有机质空间预测

准确了解土壤有机质的空间分布是合理施肥的重要前提,也是水土流失控制及保护环境的重要基础。利用113个土壤有机质样点数据,以海拔高度、土壤侵蚀强度、土地利用、比值植被指数、样点至河流的欧氏距离、亚铁矿物指数及坡度为参考因子,来尝试利用GWR(Geographically Weighted Regression)模型探索多重因素作用下的土壤有机质空间分布,并通过与普通线性回归(ordinary least squares,OLS)相比较,来了解GWR模型的精度,进而进行了土壤有机质的空间制图,并对其制图效果进行了评价。结果表明,与OLS模型相比,GWR预测模型它能显著降低AIC(Akaike Information Criterion)值,较大程度地提高模型的决定系数,并有效地减少模型的回归残差值。从制图的总体效果看,GWR模型的预测结果与实测值的吻合程度要优于OLS模型。文章还对利用GWR模型进行回归时的样点数量、因子筛选及因子定量化等方面进行了相应的讨论。     

农田非结构特征视觉导航研

研究了农田非结构环境下,通过机器视觉提取导航线的处理算法.首先,根据农作物的特点提出了使用聚类的方法检测作业区域终点;其次,为避免噪声干扰,利用移动窗口检测二值图像白色像素的个数,确定导航路径区域;最后,使用改进的Hough变换提取导航线.实验表明,该算法可以准确提取绿色植物的行信息,处理一帧分辨率为320×240像素的彩色图像平均需要57.404ms,正确识别率达99%.     

基于机器视觉的棉种破损检测技术

研究了破损棉种的机器视觉识别方法,采用均值、方差、均方比等统计特性参数,计算棉种边界破损参数.通过实验确定均方比分类阈值为0.58,将棉种分为破损棉种和正常棉种.选取正常棉种330粒、破损棉种110粒,利用该检测系统进行检测,其识别精度达93%.     

D型打结器Pro/Engineer仿真及动作功能分析

对D型打结器主要部件的构成及其功能进行了描述,利用Pro/E软件对打结器各元件进行装配,并对其打结装置进行机构的运动模拟仿真.把打结器复杂的打结动作总结为4个打结阶段,最后对打结器主要机构所完成的动作及功能进行了分析,为国内设计制造D型打结器及打结器后续改进进行了前期理论基础工作.     

芨芨草水土保持功能的初步研究

芨芨草是黄土高原地区广泛分布的禾本科植物.人们对其水土保持方面的定量研究基本上还处于空白.通过对芨芨草草地土壤抗冲性、渗透性、土壤抗剪强度等指标的研究,来探讨芨芨草的水土保持功能.结果表明:芨芨草能明显提高土壤的抗冲性、渗透性及土壤的抗剪强度,并能增加地表的覆盖度.芨芨草在黄土高原地区的水土保持工作中有着广阔的应用前景.