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1.
Ülgen İlknur Konak Dilek Ercili-Cura Juhani Sibakov Tuula Sontag-Strohm Muharrem Certel Jussi Loponen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Functional properties of conventional oat materials are relatively poor with respect to foam and emulsion formation and stabilization. This is largely due to the poor solubility of oat proteins and the presence of lipids in aqueous extracts of oats. In the experimental part of this study, extracts were prepared from different type oat flours (oat endosperm flour, oat fine flour, CO2-defatted whole oat flour and CO2-defatted oat flour) with a buffered aqueous extraction procedure at acidic (pH 4.5 and 6.5) and basic (pH 8.5 and 10.5) regions. The solubility of proteins was the highest at pH 10.5 and NaCl concentration of 2%. Among the extracts, CO2-oat flour showed improved foaming and emulsifying properties at basic pH values. The presence of 0.1% NaCl resulted in the lowest foam volumes, but the emulsion activity and stability values being the highest. Sucrose addition resulted in increased foam and emulsion stability of suspensions. Heat treatment at 80 °C impaired foam properties, whereas the stability of emulsions increased with the increase in temperature from 20 °C to 80 °C. CO2-extracted oats can be useful raw materials in beverages and other aqueous applications where protein functionality plays an important role. 相似文献
2.
Nybom SM Collado MC Surono IS Salminen SJ Meriluoto JA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(10):3714-3720
The removal of the cyanobacterial peptide toxin microcystin-LR at 4 and 37 degrees C by six commercial probiotic strains and Lactobacillus plantarum strains IS-10506 and IS-20506 isolated from dadih, Indonesian traditional fermented milk, was assessed in this study. The aim was to evaluate the main factors influencing the viability and metabolic activity of the probiotic strains, as well as their capacity to remove microcystin-LR. Both L. plantarum strains isolated from dadih, as well as Bifidobacterium lactis strains Bb12 and 420, were shown to be more resistant, and >85% remained viable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 48 h of incubation at either temperature, while the viability of the other four commercial bacteria decreased markedly over time. The effect of glucose on viability and removal of toxin was shown to be a strain-specific and strain-dependent property, but in general, the efficiency of microcystin-LR removal increased when glucose was added to the solution. A maximum removal of 95% was observed for L. plantarum strain IS-20506 (37 degrees C, 10 (11) colony-forming units mL(-1)) with 1-2% glucose supplementation and 75% in PBS alone. 相似文献
3.
Winfried Schröder Stefan Nickel Simon Schönrock Roman Schmalfuß Werner Wosniok Michaela Meyer Harry Harmens Marina V. Frontasyeva Renate Alber Julia Aleksiayenak Lambe Barandovski Oleg Blum Alejo Carballeira Maria Dam Helena Danielsson Ludwig De Temmermann Anatoly M. Dunaev Barbara Godzik Katrin Hoydal Zvonka Jeran Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Pranvera Lazo Sebastien Leblond Jussi Lindroos Siiri Liiv Sigurður H. Magnússon Blanka Mankovska Encarnación Núñez-Olivera Juha Piispanen Jarmo Poikolainen Ion V. Popescu Flora Qarri Jesus Miguel Santamaria Mitja Skudnik Zdravko Špirić Trajce Stafilov Eiliv Steinnes Claudia Stihi Ivan Suchara Lotti Thöni Hilde Thelle Uggerud Harald G. Zechmeister 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):31
Key message
Moss surveys provide spatially dense data on environmental concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen which, together with other biomonitoring and modelling data, can be used for indicating deposition to terrestrial ecosystems and related effects across time and areas of different spatial extension.Context
For enhancing the spatial resolution of measuring and mapping atmospheric deposition by technical devices and by modelling, moss is used complementarily as bio-monitor.Aims
This paper investigated whether nitrogen and heavy metal concentrations derived by biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition are statistically meaningful in terms of compliance with minimum sample size across several spatial levels (objective 1), whether this is also true in terms of geostatistical criteria such as spatial auto-correlation and, by this, estimated values for unsampled locations (objective 2) and whether moss indicates atmospheric deposition in a similar way as modelled deposition, tree foliage and natural surface soil at the European and country level, and whether they indicate site-specific variance due to canopy drip (objective 3).Methods
Data from modelling and biomonitoring atmospheric deposition were statistically analysed by means of minimum sample size calculation, by geostatistics as well as by bivariate correlation analyses and by multivariate correlation analyses using the Classification and Regression Tree approach and the Random Forests method.Results
It was found that the compliance of measurements with the minimum sample size varies by spatial scale and element measured. For unsampled locations, estimation could be derived. Statistically significant correlations between concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen in moss and modelled atmospheric deposition, and concentrations in leaves, needles and soil were found. Significant influence of canopy drip on nitrogen concentration in moss was proven.Conclusion
Moss surveys should complement modelled atmospheric deposition data as well as other biomonitoring approaches and offer a great potential for various terrestrial monitoring programmes dealing with exposure and effects.4.
Antti Otsamo Tjuk Sasmito Hadi Göran Ådjers Jussi Kuusipalo Risto Vuokko 《New Forests》1995,10(3):257-265
A species trial with 14 eucalypt species with randomized complete blocks design was planted on Imperata cylindrica dominated grassland in South Kalimantan, Indonesia in January 1987. The site was prepared mechanically. No fertilizers were used. At the age of three years E. camaldulensis had clearly the highest survival rate (95%) and mean annual increment (5.9 m3ha–1a–1) compared with the other species tried. It was followed by E. urophylla, E. deglupta, E. pellita, E. tereticornis, E. alba, E. torelliana, E. intermedia, E. grandis and E. pilularis. Four other species, E. phaeotricha, E. resinifera, E. cloeziana and E. microcorys died either in the nursery or immediately after planting. All the eucalypts tried had narrow crowns and open canopies. It is suggested that eucalypts are not recommendable for grassland reforestation under minimum plantation tending. Effects of intensive weeding, spacing, fertilizing and performance in second rotation or mixed stands should be tested to elaborate the suitability of eucalypts on grasslands. 相似文献
5.
The complete carbon budget and the turnover rate of assimilated carbon of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine seedlings growing on natural humus were determined in microcosm conditions. The main aim was to improve understanding of the partitioning of the assimilated carbohydrates within seedlings associated with multiple ectomycorrhizal fungi, and to discover carbon dynamics of the mycorrhizosphere.Plant photosynthesis and below-ground respiration were measured in order to obtain the actual carbon assimilation and respiration rates at the time of measurements. Soon after the photosynthesis and respiration rate measurements the seedlings were pulse-labeled with 14CO2 to follow carbon allocation to different plant, fungal and soil compartments and rhizosphere respiration. Long-term carbon allocation during the entire life span of the seedlings was estimated by measuring plant and mycorrhizal root-tip biomass. The ectomycorrhizal community was analyzed using morphotyping and ITS-sequencing.The 14C label was detected in rhizosphere respiration after 12 h and it peaked between 36 and 60 h after labeling. More than half of the assimilated carbon was allocated below-ground as biomass or respiration and higher mycorrhizal biomass increased the below-ground carbon turnover. The presence of Suillus variegatus affected the plant carbon balance in several ways. When S. variegatus was present, the below-ground respiration increased and this carbon loss was compensated by higher photosynthetic activity. Other fungal species did not differ between each other in their effects on carbon balance. Our findings indicate that some root-associated mycorrhizal fungal symbionts can significantly alter plant CO2 exchange, biomass distribution, and the allocation of recently photosynthesized plant-derived carbon. 相似文献
6.
Loponen J Sontag-Strohm T Venäläinen J Salovaara H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):978-984
The prolamins of wheat, rye, and barley contain structures that are harmful to gluten-sensitive people, and an extensive degradation of these prolamins during food processing might eliminate this problem. Sourdough fermentation is a cereal food process during which some protein degradation occurs. In this study, the prolamin hydrolysis that occurred in a high-proteolytic-activity germinated-wheat sourdough (GWSD) was compared with that of wheat sourdough systems which contained moderate or no proteolytic activities. Virtually all of the wheat prolamins (gliadins and glutenins) were degraded during the GWSD fermentation. Quantification of its prolamin levels confirmed that extensive prolamin hydrolysis had occurred in the GWSD. This hydrolysis was attributed to the cysteine proteinase activities of the germinated wheat. The use of high-proteolytic sourdoughs in baking could make it possible to prepare new low-prolamin cereal-based products for use by gluten-sensitive people, who could then diversify their diets by including these whole-grain containing products into their every-day diets. 相似文献
7.
Antti Mäkinen Markus Holopainen Annika Kangas Jussi Rasinmäki 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(5):887-897
Developments in the field of remote sensing have led to various cost-efficient forest inventory methods at different levels
of detail. Remote-sensing techniques such as airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital photogrammetry are becoming feasible
alternatives for providing data for forest planning. Forest-planning systems are used to determine the future harvests and
silvicultural operations. Input data errors affect the forest growth projections and these effects are dependent on the magnitude
of the error. Our objective in this study was to determine how the errors typical to different inventory methods affect forest
growth projections at individual stand level during a planning period of 30 years. Another objective was to examine how the
errors in input data behave when different types of growth simulators are used. The inventory methods we compared in this
study were stand-wise field inventory and single-tree ALS. To study the differences between growth models, we compared two
forest simulators consisting of either distance-independent tree-level models or stand-level models. The data in this study
covered a 2,000-ha forest area in southern Finland, including 240 sample plots with individually measured trees. The analysis
was conducted with Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the tree-level simulator is less sensitive to errors in
the input data and that by using single-tree ALS data, more precise growth projections can be obtained than using stand-wise
field inventory data. 相似文献
8.
Berman DM Karhadkar SS Hallahan AR Pritchard JI Eberhart CG Watkins DN Chen JK Cooper MK Taipale J Olson JM Beachy PA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5586):1559-1561
Constitutive Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity is associated with initiation of neoplasia, but its role in the continued growth of established tumors is unclear. Here, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the Hh pathway antagonist cyclopamine in preclinical models of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Cyclopamine treatment of murine medulloblastoma cells blocked proliferation in vitro and induced changes in gene expression consistent with initiation of neuronal differentiation and loss of neuronal stem cell-like character. This compound also caused regression of murine tumor allografts in vivo and induced rapid death of cells from freshly resected human medulloblastomas, but not from other brain tumors, thus establishing a specific role for Hh pathway activity in medulloblastoma growth. 相似文献
9.
Hu Y Stromeck A Loponen J Lopes-Lutz D Schieber A Gänzle MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11983-11989
This study quantified antiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs supplemented with gluten proteins and fermented with six strains of Lactobacillus spp. Bioinformatic analysis of prolamins from barley, rye, and wheat demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptides LQP, LLP, VPP, and IPP are frequently encrypted in their primary sequence. These tripeptides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tripeptide levels in sourdoughs were generally higher as compared to the chemically acidified controls. Sourdoughs fermented with different strains showed different concentrations of LQP and LLP. These differences corresponded to strain-specific differences in PepO and PepN activities. The highest levels of peptides VPP, IPP, LQP, and LLP, 0.23, 0.71, 1.09, and 0.09 mmol (kg DM)(-1), respectively, were observed in rye malt: gluten sourdoughs fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri TMW 1.106 and added protease. These concentrations were 6-7 times higher as compared to sourdough without fungal protease and exceed the IC(50) by 100-1000-fold. 相似文献