基于响应面法的维氏气单胞菌灭活疫苗菌液发酵工艺优化及免疫效力比较

为优化维氏气单胞菌Aeromonas veronii灭活疫苗菌液发酵工艺,通过单因素试验确定温度、培养基初始pH、转速、接种量对菌液活菌数的影响,应用响应面法的Box-Behnken进行优化,对不同发酵条件下发酵菌液制备灭活疫苗的安全性及免疫效力进行了比较.结果表明:当最优发酵条件为温度28℃、培养基初始pH 7.5、...     

中籼898产量构成及高产栽培措施研究

对中籼 898产量构成因素的分析表明 ,4个产量构成因素对产量贡献的大小依次为有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重。产量 9.0t/hm2 以上的合理穗粒结构为 :有效穗 (2 85± 15 )万 /hm2 ,每穗总粒数 (16 0± 10 )粒 ,结实率 (86± 2 ) % ,千粒重 2 9.5g。并提出高产栽培措施。     

啤用二棱大麦产量构成因素的表型相关分析与应用

应用简单相关、回归分析、偏相关、通径分析方法对沪麦4号等10个啤用二棱大麦品种（系）的产量构成因素进行统计分析和研究,结果表明,3个产量构成因素对单株产量均有正向效应,其中以每株穗数的贡献最大,每穗粒数次之,千粒重贡献最小。因此,提出了高产优质啤用二棱大麦的育种模式：以增加每株穗数“多穗型”为主要选择目标,兼顾每穗粒重,增加千粒重为配合选择指标,并适当协调好千粒重与穗粒数的关系。     

Effects of long-term compost and fertilizer application on stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil

The study examined the influence of compost and mineral fertilizer application on the content and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil samples collected from a long-term field experiment were separated into macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt + clay fractions by wet-sieving. The experiment involved seven treatments: compost, half-compost N plus half-fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and control. The 18-year application of compost increased SOC by 70.7–121.7%, and mineral fertilizer increased by 5.4–25.5%, with no significant difference between control soil and initial soil. The C mineralization rate (rate per unit dry mass) in microaggregates was 1.52–2.87 mg C kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, significantly lower than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions (P < 0.05). Specific C mineralization rate (rate per unit SOC) in silt + clay fraction amounted to 0.48–0.87 mg C g⁻¹ SOC day⁻¹ and was higher than in macroaggregates and microaggregates. Our data indicate that SOC in microaggregates is more stable than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions. Compost and mineral fertilizer application increased C mineralization rate in all aggregates compared with control. However, compost application significantly decreased specific C mineralization rate in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions by 2.6–28.2% and 21.9–25.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). By contrast, fertilizer NPK application did not affect specific C mineralization rate in microaggregates but significantly increased that in silt + clay fractions. Carbon sequestration in compost-amended soil was therefore due to improving SOC stability in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions. In contrast, fertilizer NPK application enhanced SOC with low stability in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions.     

外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响

【目的】研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响。【方法】以酸枣水培幼苗为材料,研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量以及叶绿素总含量的影响。【结果】与150 mmol/L NaCl处理相比,外施100 mg/L ALA显著提高了酸枣幼苗的内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量、叶绿素a、b含量以及叶绿素总含量,较NaCl处理分别提高44.8%、20.8%、21.2%、26.4%、36.5%、36.0%、38.4%和41.2%;且叶绿素合成受阻位点在ALA向PBG转化过程。【结论】外源ALA可以促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素的合成,促进幼苗生长。     

农艺措施对水稻籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

采用正交试验设计L1 6 (4 4)研究移栽密度、追肥施氮总量、不同时期的追氮比例、中后期叶面喷施KH2 PO4 等农艺措施对早籼 15籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明 :追氮总量、追氮比和叶面追肥对籽粒蛋白质含量的影响均达到极显著水平 ,移栽密度对蛋白质含量无显著影响。在移栽密度 3 0万穴 /hm2 下 ,采用追施纯氮 2 2 5kg/hm2 ,增加穗粒肥比例 ,即蘖肥∶穗肥∶粒肥 =3∶3∶1的追肥方式 ,并于齐穗期叶面喷施KH2 PO4 15kg/hm2 ,可使早籼 15籽粒的蛋白质含量提高到 12 .68% ,并能获得较高的产量。     

简易葡萄酒酿造过程中存在的问题及解决办法

指出了在简易葡萄酒酿造过程中,容易出现如风味较差、酒精度低、甲醇含量较高、产率低、易产生杂菌等问题,探讨了改善酿造的工艺,并为简易葡萄酒酿造提供了相应的解决方法。     

Effects of biochar and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nosZ-N2O reducers in the mitigation of N2O emissions from paddy soils

Purpose

Paddy fields are an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. The application of biochar or the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to paddy soils have been proposed as technologies to mitigate N₂O emissions, but their mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods

An experiment was undertaken to study the combined and individual effects of biochar and DMPP on N₂O emission from a paddy field. Changes in soil microbial community composition were investigated. Four fertilized treatments were established as follows: fertilizer only, biochar, DMPP, and biochar combined with DMPP; along with an unfertilized control.

Results

The application of biochar and/or DMPP decreased N₂O emission by 18.9–39.6% compared with fertilizer only. The combination of biochar and DMPP exhibited higher efficiency at suppressing N₂O emission than biochar alone but not as effective as DMPP alone. Biochar promoted the growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while DMPP suppressed AOB and increased AOA. Applying biochar with DMPP reduced the impact of DMPP on AOB. The nirS-/nirK- denitrifiers were decreased and nosZ-N₂O reducers were increased by DMPP and the combination of DMPP and biochar. The abundance of the nirK gene was increased by biochar at the elongation and heading stages of rice development. Compared with fertilizer only, the application of biochar and/or DMPP promoted the abundance of nosZ genes.

Conclusion

These results suggest that applying biochar and/or DMPP to rice paddy fields is a promising strategy to reduce N₂O emissions by regulating the dynamics of ammonia oxidizers and N₂O reducers.

     

安氟醚麻醉时母羊、胎儿血药浓度及呼气浓度的研究

本文应用气相色谱平衡法测定了妊娠绵羊安氟醚吸入麻醉期间母羊,胎儿血药浓度和终末呼吸气浓度。该法具有精度高、出峰快、重复性能好等优点(其中气样r=0.9998,p<0.001;血样r=0.998,P<0.001)。结果表明:母羊和胎儿血药浓度时间曲线显著相关(上升相r=0,9443,p<0.05;消除相r=0.999,p<0.001)。药物代谢动力学(以下简称药代动力学)计算表明:安氟醚在绵羊体内血药浓度时间规律为:C=12.48329(e~(-0.0344964t)-e~(-0.03262423t))血药浓度峰值时间Tm=9.112分,峰浓度Cm=8.47699mg/100ml。血药浓度同理论值(回归值)极为相似,无统计学显著性差异(p>0.05).     

引进水稻种质资源的初步评价与应用

从多个国家收集了水稻种质资源120余份,对其进行了鉴定与评价,并从中选择出具有优良或特殊性状的种质材料.用这些材料作为亲本与国内一些优良的品种进行杂交配组,已从其后代中选育出一批性状优良的新品系.