Male-to-female aggression in cage-housed common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during the breeding season was not related to male plasma testosterone level

1. The aim of this study was to investigate if male-to-female aggression of common pheasants in the course of the breeding season was related to the concentration of plasma testosterone and/or other biochemical plasma indicators in male pheasants housed in breeding cages. The influence of season on the concentration of testosterone and biochemical indicators was also investigated.

2. Males were divided into non-aggressive and aggressive groups during the breeding season based on ethological evaluation. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the breeding season, a blood sample was taken from all males on the same day and the concentration of selected biochemical indicators and the total circulating testosterone in the plasma were determined.

3. Male-to-female aggression during the breeding season of pheasants was not influenced by the total plasma testosterone of males.

4. The concentration of total plasma testosterone in males decreased gradually during the breeding season.

5. Male-to-female aggression of pheasants did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed biochemical indicators.

6. The influence of the breeding season affected the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the concentrations of glucose, magnesium, potassium and chloride in the blood plasma of cage-housed male pheasants.     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种,极早熟,从播种到始收４５天左右,早期产量高,菜薹亮紫色,无蜡粉,味甜,品质好,耐热,抗软腐病能力强,适应性广,适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。     

河北省棉花灌溉需水量与灌溉需求指数分析

对不同水文年份作物需水量和灌溉需水量的分析能够为作物灌溉用水定额的制定、作物生育期的水分管理和农业水资源规划提供基础数据。该文基于河北省棉区的气象资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith 公式和作物系数法计算参照作物需水量和棉花需水量;利用水文计算应用最广的皮尔逊III型分布曲线,通过频率计算和配线法确定不同水文年份棉花生育期的有效降水量和需水量;据此分析不同水文年份棉花的灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数。分析结果表明,河北省棉花多年平均需水量648.9 mm,多年平均灌溉需水量190.6 mm,多年平均灌溉需求指数0.29。枯水年（P=75%）、平水年（P=50%）和丰水年（P=25%）河北省棉花灌溉需水量分别为299.1、182.8和84.7 mm,灌溉需求指数分别为0.45、0.28和0.13。     

一维马尔可夫链模拟黑河中游流域土壤质地垂向变异

黑河中游地区土壤剖面砂、黏层次相间排列的特点及部分区域剖面中出现的不透水层对土壤中的水分运动和溶质迁移具有重要影响。该研究调查了黑河中游100 km2区域内土壤剖面的质地分层情况,运用一维嵌入马尔可夫链模型模拟该地区的土壤质地剖面。研究表明,研究区土壤剖面共出现砂土、壤质砂土、砂质壤土、壤土、黏质壤土、粉黏壤土和粉黏土7种质地类型,层次厚度呈对数正态分布。粉黏土未在表层土壤出现,而砂土在表层出现的概率明显高于其余质地类型,剖面某一质地层之下多出现细粒含量比其高的下一质地类型。剖面上相邻两质地层之间的转移具有明显的马尔可夫链特征（简称马氏性）,且马氏链是平稳的。一维嵌入马尔可夫链模型能够较好地描述研究区土壤质地层次的垂向变化,剖面主要的质地层次组合为：砂—壤、壤—砂、壤—黏、黏—壤。对土壤质地剖面的定量模拟,可以为开展该区域土壤水循环、转化和溶质迁移等相关研究提供参考。     

基于GIS的猕猴桃电商精准营销智能分析

旨在解决传统农产品营销模式中的种植计划粗放、营销市场针对性不足、无法充分挖掘市场等问题,实现猕猴桃电商精准营销.通过互联网等途径采集历年猕猴桃电商营销情况相关数据并建立猕猴桃地理信息数据库,结合GIS的地理数据空间分析与可视化技术,对猕猴桃营销大数据进行智能分析与深度挖掘.可以实现详细的数据统计、分析与总览等,对各地区...     

Agricultural studies of GM maize and the field experimental infrastructure of ECOGEN

Within the ECOGEN project, long-term field experiments with genetically modified maize, Zea mays L. were conducted to study agro-ecological effects on the soil fauna and agro-economic implications of the technology. Here, we describe the study-sites, experimental layout and results of agro-economic relevance. Experiments were conducted during 2002–2005 in Denmark (Foulum), northern France (Varois) and the Midi-Pyrenees region of southern France (Narbons). MON810 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-varieties expressing the Cry1Ab protein, and a T25 glufosinate-ammonium (Basta) tolerant variety expressing the pat-gene encoding phosphinotrinacetyl-transferase were compared with near-isogenic non-Bt varieties, and conventional maize varieties. At Foulum, the maize was harvested for silage. There were no significant differences in yield between Bt-maize and a near-isogenic non-Bt variety, while a small difference in N-concentration of dry matter was detected in 1 year in a range of a measured quality parameters. Similar yield and quality were found in ploughed and reduced tillage treatments in all varieties. At Varois, the maize was harvested at ripeness and no significant differences in grain yield between Bt-maize and near-isogenic non-Bt varieties were found. These results were expected, as only Narbons harbours significant corn-borer populations. At Narbons, the number of Sesamia and Ostrinia corn-borer larvae were significantly lower in the Bt-maize than in a near-isogenic non-Bt variety and for Sesamia even less than in conventional varieties sprayed with pesticides to control corn-borer infestation. Here, Bt-maize produced a higher grain yield and grain size than a near-isogenic non-Bt variety or allowed a significant reduction in pesticide use. Concentrations of Cry1Ab in the Bt-varieties were sufficient to effectively control corn-borer larvae. In soil, Cry1Ab was close to the limit of detection and the protein did not accumulate in the soil year on year.     

Influence of pH and calcium on the growth,polysaccharide production and symbiotic association of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Sinorhizobium meliloti</Emphasis> SEMIA 116 with alfalfa roots

The Sinorhizobium -legume interaction is sensitive to a number of environmental factors, soil acidity being one of the most important. In the typic Hapludoll soil of the central-southern region of Córdoba (Argentine) it was found that the nodulation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativaL.) roots was impaired with a reduction in shoot dry matter under conditions of soil acidity (pH 5.5) Our results showed that the addition of lime as dolomitic limestone at a concentration of 1 t ha ^-1to acid soil caused a significant increase in the nodulation of alfalfa roots inoculated with the strain Sinorhizobium meliloti SEMIA 116 (recommended inoculum for alfalfa) in the greenhouse experiments. The success of the lime treatment may be related not only to an increase in the pH values but also to an increase in the Ca concentration, improving the growth of S. meliloti and its nodulation ability under acidic conditions. In this study, we also demonstrated an increment in the bacterial growth rate as well as in the production of exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides under low pH (5.5) and a high Ca concentration (5 mM) in the culture medium.     

Ground red peppers: capsaicinoids content,Scoville scores,and discrimination by an electronic nose

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and total capsaicinoids levels of different ground red pepper samples obtained from local retail markets in Izmir, Turkey. Scoville scores were determined using sensory tests. An electronic nose (EN) was used to discriminate ground red pepper samples by headspace volatiles. EN data were analyzed using discriminant function analysis (DFA). An overall correct classification rate of pepper varieties by EN of 91% was obtained. A linear correlation between capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and total capsaicinoids and Scoville scores was also observed, and R (2) values of 0.89, 0.85, and 0.91 were obtained, respectively.     

Fate of humic acids isolated from natural humic substances

Composition of humic acids (HA) is a function of plant-derived inputs, degradation processes regulated by microorganisms, organo-mineral interactions and age. Characterization of different origin humic substances is important for evaluation of their contribution to stabile and labile carbon pool in the environment. The relative abundance of chemical components in HA isolated from soils, compost, commercial lignohumates, alginite, acadiane and lignite was studied with aim to quantify content of important biomarkers such as amino acid, lipids and polyphenols. HA were considered as a heterogeneous complex and high concentration of peptides, polyphenols and lipids was determined in acadian-HA to compare with soil-HA. Compost-HA contained much more amino acids to compare with soil-HA samples. Alginite-HA and lignite-HA were similar in biomarkers content to soil-HA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that chemical composition and functional groups content differs with the origin, humification degree and the age of studied samples. Soil-HA are typically composed of a variety of ?OH, COOH?, C–O, C–H₂, (aliphatic and aromatic) groups, quinines, lignin fragments, polysaccharide, monosaccharide and proteins fragments, which are linked together by ?O?, ?NH?, ?H=, >C=O, metal ions and –S? groups. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy showed that aromatic carbon content was the highest in lignite-HA and soil-HA.