排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Rodríguez-Garcia ME de Lira C Hernández-Becerra E Cornejo-Villegas MA Palacios-Fonseca AJ Rojas-Molina I Reynoso R Quintero LC Del-Real A Zepeda TA Muñoz-Torres C 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):107-112
This paper presents the physicochemical and nutrimental characterization of fresh nopal (Opuntia ficus indica, Redonda variety) and nopal powder produced at different stages of development. Nopal powder was obtained by dry vacuum technique
using 102 Torr and low temperature (40°C). The results showed that the nutrimental and mineral composition of nopal changes as a function
of the maturation as follow: The ash content increases from 18.41 for nopalitos (60 g of weight) to 23.24% (nopal pads 200 g);
calcium content increases from 1.52 to 3.72%, while phosphorous exhibits an opposite trend: 0.43 to 0.27%, respectively. Calcium
oxalate was determined by X-ray diffraction and SEM microscopy and quantified by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Calcium
oxalate decreases from 7.95 to 3.47 mg/g and the Ca/P ratio varies from 3.6 to 11. The soluble fibre decreases from 25.22
to 14.91%, while insoluble fibre increases from 29.87 to 41.65%. These results suggest that nopal could be an important source
of minerals within the diets of people in Mexico and the rest of Latin America. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT Effects of phenylpropanoid and energetic metabolism inhibition on resistance were studied during appropriate host and nonhost cereal-rust interactions. In the appropriate barley-Puccinia hordei interaction, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) inhibition reduced penetration resistance in two genotypes, suggesting a role for phenolics and lignins in resistance. Interestingly, penetration resistance of the barley genotype 17.5.16 was not affected by phenylpropanoid biosynthesis but penetration resistance was almost completely inhibited by D-mannose, which reduces the energy available in plant host cells. This suggests a parallel in the cellular basis of penetration resistance between 17.5.16 rust and mlo barleys powdery mildew interaction. Results revealed differing patterns of programmed cell death (PCD) in appropriate versus nonhost rust interactions. PAL and CAD inhibitors reduced PCD (hypersensitivity) in appropriate interactions. Conversely, they had no effect in PCD of wheat to P. hordei; whereas D-mannose dramatically reduced nonhost resistance and allowed colony establishment. The differential effects of inhibitors in the expression of the different resistances and the commonalities with the cereal-powdery mildew interaction is analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
3.
E. Gutierrez I. Rojas-Molina J. L. Pons-Hernandez H. Guzman B. Aguas-Angel J. Arenas P. Fernandez A. Palacios-Fonseca G. Herrera M. E. Rodríguez 《Cereal Chemistry》2007,84(2):186-194
In this report, the effect of temperature on the calcium content of Quality Protein Maize (QPM H-368C) during the nixtamalization process as a function of the steeping time for three cooking temperatures (72, 82, and 92°C) is presented. Also, for the first time, we report in physico-chemical terms the end of the cooking stage during the nixtamalization process that was established when the moisture content in corn kernels reached a value of 36% (w/w) with a lime concentration of 1% (w/v), independent of the cooking temperature. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the calcium concentration in the whole kernel and in its different anatomical components (pericarp, endosperm, and germ) as well as in 10% of the outermost layers, the next 10%, and the remaining 80% of the endosperm as a function of the steeping time. It was found that if the cooking temperature increases, the calcium content increases also. For steeping times in the range of 5–7 hr, a relative maximum was found in the calcium contents of 0.24, 0.21, and 0.18% (w/w) in QPM H-368 flours at 92, 82, and 72°C, respectively. Calcium was found in the most external layers in the endosperm and minimum diffusion occurs in the internal 80%. Phosphorous was measured by using UV spectroscopy and the results showed that it remains constant at 0.24% throughout the process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to explain the calcium ion diffusion in the kernel. The physical changes in the pericarp govern the calcium diffusion process. 相似文献
4.
de la Peña-Baca Daniel Alejandro Romo-Chacón Alejandro Rios-Velasco Claudio Olivas-Orozco Guadalupe Isela Ornelas-Paz José de Jesús Acosta-Muñiz Carlos Horacio 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2023,130(1):143-155
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Fire blight is a complex and devastating plant disease caused by the necrotrophic bacterium Erwinia amylovora. One of the main factors that determine the... 相似文献
5.
Contreras-Padilla M Gutiérrez-Cortez E Valderrama-Bravo Mdel C Rojas-Molina I Espinosa-Arbeláez DG Suárez-Vargas R Rodríguez-García ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):44-49
Chemical proximate analysis was done in order to determine the changes of nutritional characteristics of nopal powders from
three different maturity stages 50, 100, and 150 days and obtained by three different drying processes: freeze dried, forced
air oven, and tunnel. Results indicate that nopal powder obtained by the process of freeze dried retains higher contents of
protein, soluble fiber, and fat than the other two processes. Also, freeze dried process had less effect on color hue variable.
No changes were observed in insoluble fiber content, chroma and lightness with the three different drying processes. Furthermore,
the soluble fibers decreased with the age of nopal while insoluble fibers and ash content shows an opposite trend. In addition,
the luminosity and hue values did not show differences among the maturity stages studied. The high content of dietary fibers
of nopal pad powder could to be an interesting source of these important components for human diets and also could be used
in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. 相似文献
6.
Isela Lavilla A. V. Filgueiras F. Valverde J. Millos A. Palanca C. Bendicho 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,172(1-4):273-293
Depth concentration profiles of 26 elements, i.e. trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V and Zn), lithophiles (Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Na, K, Mg, Ca and Ti) and nutrients (C, P, N, S) have been established in a sediment core collected at the Respomuso Lake (Pyrenees, Spain). This high altitude lake of glacier origin was transformed into reservoir in the fifties of last century. Correlations among the depth profiles of the above elements were established. HCl-extractable elements, which are better related to bioavailability, followed the profiles of total contents. Principal component analysis was applied to establish the binding behaviour of trace elements in the sediment matrix and, in turn, to search for their anthropogenic or natural sources. It was seen that Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn clustered together, and with exception of Sr, they were not clearly associated with any major component of the sediment. Their depth profiles correlate well with each other, hence indicating their presence as a result of atmospheric pollution. Redox-sensitive elements such as Fe and Mn follow a similar trend along the vertical profile. Depth profiles of As an Co correlate well with those of Fe and Mn. Principal component analysis showed that As, Co, Fe and Mn clustered together, which confirms the close association of As and Co with Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides. As concentrations in many strata exceed the ERM value, and therefore, significant biological effects are expected. Dissolution of minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena taking part in the mineralogy of this area accounts for the As concentration found. Ba, Cr, Rb and V were associated with the sediment matrix (aluminosilicates), hence showing low mobility. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT Effects on penetration and hypersensitive resistance of the cinnamyl acid dehydrogenase (CAD) suicide inhibitor ([(2-hydroxyphenyl) amino] sulphinyl) acetic acid, 1.1 dimethyl ester, which suppresses phenylpro-panoid biosynthesis, and of D-mannose, which sequesters phosphate and reduces energy available in host cells, were studied in faba bean (Vicia faba) genotypes with differing resistance mechanisms to faba bean rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae). Inhibition of CAD reduced penetration resistance in lines 2N-34, 2N-52, V-1271, and V-1272, revealing an important role for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in the resistance of these lines. Inhibition of CAD also inhibited hypersensitive cell death in these lines. D-mannose had little or no effect on resistance. By contrast, CAD inhibition did not affect penetration resistance of line BPL-261, which has a high degree of penetration resistance not associated with hypersensitive cell death. In BPL-261, D-mannose inhibited penetration resistance. The parallelism between the faba bean genotype responses to rust observed here and the response of barley genotypes with differing resistance mechanisms to powdery mildew after similar inhibitor treatments is analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
8.
Faba bean breeding for disease resistance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Josefina C. Sillero Angel M. Villegas-Fernández Jane Thomas Maria M. Rojas-Molina Amero A. Emeran Mónica Fernández-Aparicio Diego Rubiales 《Field Crops Research》2010
Faba bean is a major grain legume widely cultivated in many countries for food and feed purposes. A number of aerial fungi, together with soil-borne pathogens associated with foot and root rot complexes, nematodes, parasitic weeds and viruses may cause severe diseases in faba bean crops. The use of genetic resistance is the most economical and environmentally friendly control method. However, to date no efficient sources of resistance have been described to some diseases, or it is scarce and of complex nature, making necessary the implementation of other control measures. Phenotypic expression of resistance is usually poorly described. As a consequence of this, and of the poorly developed genomic resources available, the genetic basis of resistances is, in most cases, largely unknown. Effectiveness of MAS might soon increase with the adoption of new improvements in marker technology together with the integration of comparative mapping and functional genomics. In this paper we will review and critically discuss current and future strategies on breeding faba bean for disease resistance. 相似文献
9.
Alvarez-González I Madrigal-Bujaidar E Sánchez-García VY 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(4):369-373
The consumption of grapefruit juice (GJ) has been associated with various activities potentially beneficial for human health,
including protection against the DNA damage produced by various compounds. In the present report, we evaluated the capability
of this juice to inhibit the rate of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE)
induced by the antineoplastic alkylating agent ifosfamide (IF). We tested the effect of administering 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg
of GJ in mouse and obtained the following results: a) with the high dose, a reduction of 72% in the rate of SCE induced by
IF; b) a mean reduction of 65.3% in the rate of MNPE compared with the damage induced by IF at 48 h post-administration; c)
no modification induced by GJ either on the cellular proliferation kinetics or in the mitotic index; and d) neither induction
of bone marrow cytotoxicity by GJ nor a protective effect of the juice against the cytotoxicity induced by IF. These data
showed a significant inhibitory effect of GJ against the chromosome damage induced by the tested agent; they also suggest
the relevance of carrying out studies to clarify the involved mechanism of action as well as to determine the cancer chemopreventive
capacity of the juice. 相似文献
10.
Isela Rojas-Molina Elsa Gutierrez-Cortez Alin Palacios-Fonseca Leticia Baños J. L. Pons-Hernandez S. H. Guzmán-Maldonado P. Pineda-Gomez M. E. Rodríguez 《Cereal Chemistry》2007,84(4):304-312
This work presents the study of the structural changes of the endosperm of Quality Protein Maize (QPM H-368C), modified by alkaline cooking at two different temperatures (72 and 92°C) and steeping time of 0–7 hr. Structural changes in the outermost 10% layers, the subsequent 10%, and the remaining 80% of the endosperm as a function of the steeping time were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. SEM images revealed that soft and hard endosperm have different shapes and packing factors. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the hard and soft endosperm from raw corn suggest that the hard endosperm consists mainly of amylopectin and has a bigger relative crystallinity quality than the soft endosperm. Samples cooked at 72 and 92°C with and without the (Ca(OH)2 and steeped for 0, 3, and 7 hr, showed structural changes, X-ray diffraction patterns from the outermost 10% layers and subsequent 10% of the endosperm were completely amorphous. This fact is related to the total or partial gelatinization of the starch. The crystallinity in the internal layers of endosperm (remaining 80%) did not have significant changes after the treatments and exhibited the characteristic patterns of crystalline amylose and amylopectin. DSC measurements in the outermost layers of the endosperm did not exhibit the characteristic endothermic peak of starch (from 64 to 81°C) compared with the raw sample, while the endotherm peak for 80% of the endosperm internal layers appears in all cases (72 and 92°C). According to these results, a new definition of the nixtamalization process can be developed as follows. During the nixtamalization process there is a total gelatinization of the starch granules from the most external layers, and a partial gelatinization of the innermost internal layers of the endosperm. 相似文献