Changes in the microbial community structure in soils treated with a mixture of glucose and peptone with reference to the respiratory quinone profile

Based on the respiratory quinone profile, changes in the structure of microbial communities in the soil samples from Nagoya University Farm were monitored after the treatment with 1% of a mixture of glucose and peptone. Samples of two soils differing in the fertilization history were examined: CF-soil with the application of only chemical fertilizers and FYM-soil with the application of only farmyard manure at a high rate. In the CF-soil, the amount of water-soluble organic carbon (WOC), indicator of the mixture of glucose and peptone, decreased to the original level after 14 d. After 7 d, the soil pH reached the maximum level, then decreased gradually. Changes in the inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract also reflected the 14-d period of mineralization. The amount of respiratory quinones reached maximum levels after 7 d and gradually decreased, reflecting the changes in the microbial biomass. The quinone composition significantly changed during the 14-d period and returned to a profile similar to the original one after 28 d. Diversity of quinones significantly decreased during the 14-d period due to the predominance of ubiquinone with 9 isoprenoid units. In the FYM-soil, the amount of WOC decreased to the original level after 1 d, and the pH and inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract reflected the one-day mineralization period, and nitrification started after 3 d. Although the amount of quinones indicated an increase in the microbial biomass for 14 d, the quinone composition did not change. These findings suggested that long-term application of farmyard manure resulted in stable microbial communities in response to the incorporation of organic matter in soil.     

外源稀土和磷素在土柱中的相互作用

Rare earth elements (REEs) increasingly used in agriculture as an amendment for crop growth may help to lessen environmental losses of phosphorus (P) from heavily fertilized soils. The vertical transport characteristics of P and REEs, lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and cerium (Ce), were investigated with addition of exogenous REEs at various doses to packed soil columns (20 cm deep). Vertical transfers of REEs and P were relatively small, with transport depths less than 6 cm for most REEs and P. Export of applied REEs in leachate accounted for less that 5% of inputs. The addition of Ce, Nd and Sm to soil columns significantly decreased concentrations of extractable soil P up to a depth of 4 cm, with soil P concentrations unaffected at depths > 4 cm. In general, REEs had little effect on the vertical leaching of P in packed soil columns.     

Biological Degradation and Chemical Oxidation Characteristics of Coke-Oven Wastewater

Biological and chemical oxidation characteristics of two kinds ofcoke-oven wastewaters, A and B, discharged from a conventional batch coke-oven and a newly developed continuous coke-oven, respectively, were studied for selecting effective treatment processes of the wastewaters. Pollutants contained in Wastewater-A could be removed by biological process with a sufficient effluent quality, while those which existed in Wastewater-Bcould not be satisfactorily removed. Microbial community structure investigation using the respiratory quinone profile clarified that Pseudomonas putida (dominant quinone: ubiquinone-9) was a dominant species in the biological treatmentsystem. The refractory organic pollutants, existed in Wastewater-B,were mineralized more effectively by Fenton's reagent than by ozone. A wastewater treatment process, in which Fenton's oxidation is followed by a biological treatment, was proposed forthe treatment of Wastewater-B based on the experimental results.     

绵羊RARG基因在发情不同阶段卵巢中的mRNA表达

【目的】分离鉴定绵羊视黄酸受体-γ（Retinoic acid receptor gamma,RARG）基因,分析该基因的分子特征,研究其在发情周期不同阶段卵巢中的表达差异。【方法】选取年龄和体况相近、健康的甘肃高山细毛羊周岁母羊8只,通过同期发情处理,根据卵巢生理状态,将其分为两组：黄体期组和卵泡期组,各4只,屠宰后,采集卵巢组织,以周岁母羊卵巢组织RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增绵羊RARG基因并克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行测序验证。利用ORF Finder和DNAStar等生物信息学软件分析绵羊RARG基因的理化性质、同源性和预测结构域和功能。利用Q-PCR技术,检测绵羊RARG基因在母羊发情周期不同阶段卵巢组织中的相对表达量,用SPSS19.0软件进行差异显著性分析,探讨RARG基因对绵羊发情周期的调控机制。【结果】获得了绵羊RARG基因包含完整编码区序列在内的1 588 bp的绵羊RARG基因序列,并提交至NCBI,GenBank登录号为KF019682。该序列含有1个1 377 bp的完整开放阅读框（Open reading frame,ORF）,编码458个氨基酸,其蛋白分子质量为50 955.8 D,理论等电点为7.45。绵羊RARG基因与牛、普通狨、家犬、仓鼠、家猫、人、小鼠、虎鲸、狒、家鼠、野猪、海牛、海豚和蟾蜍等14个物种的同源性分析,结果显示RARG基因在上述物种间高度保守,且与牛的亲缘关系较近,序列同源性最高。GO功能分析结果显示,绵羊RARG基因作为结构蛋白参与转录调控的几率最高,分别为0.272和0.223。在绵羊RARG基因编码的氨基酸序列上发现了2个功能结构域,分别是核激素受体c4锌指结构域（c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors,ZnF_C4）和 激素受体配体结构域（ligand binding domain of hormone receptors,HOLI）。Q-PCR结果显示,绵羊RARG mRNA 在甘肃高山细毛羊卵泡期卵巢中的相对表达量显著高于黄体期（P<0.05）。【结论】绵羊RARG基因在物种间高度保守,含有ZnF_C4和HOLI等2个与转录调控相关的功能结构域,推测该基因可能作为一种重要的转录因子参与母羊发情周期调控。     

饲料中添加CLA开发共轭亚油酸强化鹌鹑蛋的试验研究

试验选择132日龄的产蛋期健康鹌鹑450只,分成3组,各组日粮中共轭亚油酸(CLA)的添加量分别为0%、2.0%和4.0%。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮中添加CLA对鹌鹑产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、产蛋率无显著影响(P0.05)。脂肪酸分析表明,CLA明显降低鹌鹑蛋黄中总单不饱和脂肪酸含量,但能增加总饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸及CLA的含量。2.0%CLA处理组20d鹌鹑蛋黄中的CLA含量达最大。鹌鹑饲粮中添加CLA可生产出富含CLA的鹌鹑蛋。     

云南香格里拉特有易危植物中甸刺玫的表型多样性

 利用形态学指标对云南香格里拉县现存的中甸刺玫（Rosa praelucens Byhouwer）3 个天然居 群、1 个由引种植株构成的“引种”群体和1 个由零星散生在农家的植株所构成“农家”群体进行了表型 多样性研究。结果表明：（1）和平村天然居群的植株最高,花最大,果实最大,种子数量最多且百粒质 量最大。乃司村天然居群的叶片小叶数最多,叶片连叶柄最长,果梗最长,但果实最小,种子百粒质量 最轻。联合村天然居群的花色最红且变异最丰富。“农家”群体的植株冠幅最大,花瓣数最多且变异最丰 富。“引种”群体的株高、冠幅、小叶片和花径等的均值最小但变异系数较大,花色最淡,种子数最少。 （2）中甸刺玫种内存在着丰富的表型变异,23 个表型性状的变异系数均值为22.88%,平均表型分化系 数为69.56%,群体间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源。（3）目前引种的植株和自然散生在农家庭院的植 株主要分别从乃司村和联合村人为地直接或间接采集并单独保存下来。基于中甸刺玫的表型多样性及变 异特征,应尽可能地保护较多的居群;从资源利用的角度则应尽量保护群体的完整性以保存其群体内所 蕴藏的观赏性状。     

重组海参溶菌酶C端基因(SjLys-C)的可溶性表达和抑菌活性分析

为进一步研究海参(Stichopus japonicus)溶菌酶基因(Sjys)(Genbank登录号:EF036468)中不司片段表达产物的生物特性,本研究通过对其cDNA片段的分析,发现C端基因区域所对应的蛋白质序列中含有非酶活性.根据已知的海参溶菌酶的cDNA序列,设计山含有Nco Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点的特异性引物,从新鲜的海参肠中提取总RNA,以其为模板利用RT-PCR扩增出长度为259 bp的溶菌酶C端(SjLys-C)基因.将该目的基因连接到pET-32a(+)载体上,构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)-SjLys-C,再转化至大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Rosetta(DE3)pLysS,成功地构建了重组蛋白SjLys-C的基因工程菌.利用该工程菌诱导发酵,结果显示它能高效表达出26 kD左右的重组蚩白SjLys-C.经过Western blot分析,该重组蛋白在26 kD左右能够与Penta-His抗体发生特异性免疫反应.对纯化的重组蛋白SjLys-C进行了抑菌特性的分析,结果发现它对溶壁微球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahae molytic us)有较高的抑菌活性.此外,将该重组蛋白经100℃、40 min处理后,其抑菌能力提高了5％～21％.研究结果表明,重组蛋白SjLys-C基因工程菌能够制备出具有可溶性的、并具有抑菌活性的重组蛋白SjLys-C,在农业和医药等行业中有潜在应用和开发价值.     

草坪在城市生态系统中的作用及其应用分析

论述了草坪在城市生态系统中的作用,如改善小气候、净化大气、保持水土等。分析了目前我国城市草坪的应用现状,并对我国草坪业的发展方向进行了研讨。     

试谈近代皖北地区的农业经济

自半封建半殖民地社会性质的近代社会确立以来，皖北地区的农业经济渐趋衰退，并出现了不少变化。探究其原因，就我们这个农业大国、农业大省、农业大区来讲，今天也不失有借鉴作用，这当是本文意义之所在。