香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)侵染对寄主内源激素的影响

 本试验用ELISA方法测定了香蕉感染束顶病毒(BBTV)后植株体内的3种内源激素,赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素类(iPAs)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化。结果表明,感株的GA₃水平在侵染过程中虽有微弱增加,但含量和增长速度显著低于健株对照;iPAs在接种BBTV第14天后明显下降,并维持较低水平;ABA在BBTV侵染后被大量诱导增加并不断积累,在接种后第35天测定含量最高,为对照的3.34倍。试验还同时检测了BBTV在侵染过程中的运转。用间接ELISA测定的接种叶和顶叶的BBTV含量显示:接种21天后BBTV在接种叶和顶叶中还大量增殖,呈系统性分布。但寄主的症状在接种35天后才逐渐在顶叶表现。以上结果表明:香蕉束顶病的症状表现似乎主要与病株中的内源激素的失调有关,而与BBTV在体内的运转并不直接相关     

集约经营雷竹林植株矿质元素的变化

以4种不同种植年限雷竹林(5、7、10、15 a)中的雷竹为材料,分别对雷竹叶、秆、鞭和根中的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素进行含量分析,探讨不同种植年限下雷竹林矿质元素的变化规律.结果表明:雷竹不同器官的矿质元素含量不同,Ca和Mg这两种元素的平均含量在雷竹叶中最高,K、P、Al、As和Rb这5种元素的平均含量在根部最高;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的叶、秆、鞭和根中矿质元素含量形成有规律的变化:种植10 a和15 a雷竹林雷竹中K、P、Al、As和Rb含量高于种植5 a和7 a,种植5 a和7 a雷竹林雷竹中Ca和Mg元素含量高于种植10 a和15 a;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹各器官中各元素含量变化之间存在相关性,其中有31对矿质元素的相关性达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)水平.对不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素含量分析表明,集约经营下铝毒是引起雷竹内矿质元素含量变化和竹林退化的原因之一.     

用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测印楝愈伤组织中的印楝素含量

用双抗体夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ＤＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测印楝（ＡｚｄｉｒａｃｈｔａｉｎｄｉｃａＡ．Ｊｕｕｓｓ）愈伤组织中的印楝素含量,成功建立了ＤＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ,以牛血清蛋白为载体,用二环己基碳二亚胺合成免疫原,制备抗血清,获得效价为１：２５６０,以辣根过氧化物酶为标记酶,用“碘酸盐酸氧化法”合成酶标抗体,使用包被抗体的最适浓度为５．０μｇ／ｍＬ,标记抗体浓度为２．５μｇ／ｍＬ,可测抗原最低浓度     

青蛤染色体制备及核型分析

以青蛤成体鳃组织和性成熟的雌、雄青蛤性腺为材料,采用常规制片方法,分别制备青蛤二倍体染色体和单倍体染色体,统计染色体数目。结果显示,青蛤二倍体与单倍体染色体数目分别为2n=38和n=19;核型分析发现,青蛤核型组成为11m+6sm+2st,NF=76,未发现性染色体和随体染色体。本研究以青蛤成熟性腺为制备材料,成功制备单倍体染色体,与青蛤二倍体染色体互相印证,弥补了以往研究的不足,进一步丰富了对青蛤染色体数目及核型组成的认知。同时,也为青蛤染色体水平全基因组测序组装提供更加科学的基础资料。     

Synteny and collinearity in plant genomes

Correlated gene arrangements among taxa provide a valuable framework for inference of shared ancestry of genes and for the utilization of findings from model organisms to study less-well-understood systems. In angiosperms, comparisons of gene arrangements are complicated by recurring polyploidy and extensive genome rearrangement. New genome sequences and improved analytical approaches are clarifying angiosperm evolution and revealing patterns of differential gene loss after genome duplication and differential gene retention associated with evolution of some morphological complexity. Because of variability in DNA substitution rates among taxa and genes, deviation from collinearity might be a more reliable phylogenetic character.     

紫叶稠李扦插繁殖技术

介绍了紫叶稠李的生物学特性和扦插繁殖技术。     

Altitudinal changes of surface pollen and vegetation on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains,China

To provide information on vegetation patterns and altitudinal distributions of pollen assemblage in surface soil layers,their complicated relationships in a dryland mountain-basin system in northwestern China and a realistic basis for paleovegetational reconstruction,we investigated 86 vegetation quadrats and analyzed 80 soil samples from the surface soil layers along an altitudinal transect on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains from alpine cushion vegetation at 3,510 m near glacier to desert vegetation at 460 m in the Gurbantunggut Desert.According to surface pollen assemblages and the results of the detrended correspondence analysis,the transect can be divided into six major altitudinal pollen zones as alpine cushion vegetation,alpine and subalpine meadows,montane Picea forest,forest-steppe ecotone,Artemisia desert and typical desert,which basically reflect the characteristics of the mountainous vegetation patterns on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.However,Picea pollen also exists outside the spruce forest,Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen appeared above the elevation of 1,300 m,indicating that most of them might be introduced from lower elevations by upslope winds.Airborne pollen researches from three regions at different elevations further suggest that a high-frequency northwest anabatic wind has a remarkable influence on the transportation and dispersion of surface pollen in the area.     

牡丹江林区落叶松人工林二元立木材积表的编制

编表材料来源于黑龙江省牡丹江林区不同标准地的落叶松解析木材料,采用非线性回归模型麦夸特法拟合材积方程的参数,对方程进行残差分析和参数估计。     

鸵鸟足底非规则曲面形貌数学模型构建

鸵鸟足底曲面形貌是影响鸵鸟足优越越沙性能的关键因素之一,研究鸵鸟足底曲面特征将有助于将其这一优越特性应用到越沙车轮上,以改善目前常规越沙车轮在松软地面上通过性低的难题。该文选取健康成年鸵鸟足,经过三维激光扫描仪扫描得到鸵鸟足的点云数据,并导入Geomagic Studio软件中进行封装、表面处理,最后把鸵鸟足第Ⅲ趾底曲面划分为3个典型区域：前掌缓曲面、中间凹槽面和足跟凸冠面。利用Catia软件中的Digitized Shape Editor模块,对3个典型曲面的密集点云选取合理的过滤方式过滤,保留典型曲面形貌的特征点,并导出3个典型区域特征点云三维数据。运用Matlab软件中的surface fitting自动拟合功能,拟合前掌缓曲面和中间凹槽面的2个曲面,分别得到2个曲面的拟合方程和决定系数R2;基于足跟凸冠面外形类似于一个典型椭球面,利用SAS软件中非线性回归模块以椭球面模型进行曲面拟合。从拟合结果可以看出,3个曲面的决定系数R2分别为0.95、0.96、0.95,实现了鸵鸟足底曲面由生物模型到数学模型的转化。该研究为将鸵鸟足底曲面形貌进行工程仿生学应用奠定了理论基础,并为利用工程仿生学技术研究松软路面行驶车辆提供研究方向和参考依据。