基于森林健康理念的森林康养产业发展研究

阐述了森林健康理念和森林康养的基本概念,介绍了森林健康理念和森林康养的发展现状,分析了森林健康与森林康养产业之间的关系。结果表明:森林康养产业的理论基础就是基于森林健康理念继承发展来的,必然会促进森林健康产业的发展。运用森林健康理念指导森林康养产业发展是森林康养产业可持续发展的有效途径,森林健康理念在中国会不断完善和发展,也更有利于中国森林康养产业的发展。展望康养产业,会形成一种新的经济形态,成为国民福祉。     

北京市规模化奶牛场运动场防雨现状及建议

运动场是保障奶牛生产力和动物福利的重要设施。2021年6—9月,频繁降雨导致北京地区多家奶牛场的运动场积水,为奶牛生产力、奶牛场生防安全、环境卫生、运动场舒适性和动物福利带来隐患。通过线上线下结合,调研了北京地区27 家规模化奶牛场的运动场防雨、排水及垫料现状。结果表明：调研奶牛场中,88.90%奶牛场配备了运动场,其中83.33%奶牛场通过设置地面倾角、设置挡雨棚、雨污分离槽及布设排水管道（沟渠）、雨后水泵排水等方式实现运动场防雨及排水。此外,针对运动场建设、运动场防雨、运动场舒适性展开讨论,以期改善运动场防雨现状,满足集约化奶牛场可持续发展需求和提升动物福利。     

设施大棚间作玉米对丛枝菌根网络形成及辣椒疫病防治的影响

丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌对辣椒疫病等土传病害具有生防潜力,但由于难以纯培养而未能实现规模化生产应用,如能调动土著AM真菌的抑病功能则对实际生产具有重要指导意义。依托重庆石柱辣椒科技园,研究设施大棚中间作玉米对土著AM真菌生长及辣椒疫病防治的影响。结果表明,与辣椒单作相比,间作玉米处理辣椒根系AM真菌侵染率、根际AM真菌数量与土壤磷酸酶活性以及小区作物养分总吸收量均显著提高,辣椒疫病发病率与病情指数、单株辣椒的磷吸收量及果实生物量均显著下降,其中种植密度更高的等垄宽间作处理两种作物根系AM真菌侵染率、小区玉米产量及作物养分总吸收量均显著高于等行距间作处理,辣椒疫病发病率与之正好相反。设施环境下间作玉米或能通过促进AM真菌生长及其对辣椒根系的侵染来增强其对辣椒疫病的防治功效,其中等垄宽间作处理具有更好的经济效益。     

翠竹及菲白竹LEA3同源基因的克隆及序列分析

竹类植物在中国有着非常悠久的栽培历史,并被广泛应用于园林、造林、庭院以及食品等行业。本研究以翠竹和菲白竹为材料提取其叶片总DNA,采用PCR方法获得翠竹SpLEA3基因与菲白竹SfLEA3-1、SfLEA3-2基因;其中SpLEA3全长804 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.4%;SfLEA3-1全长803 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.2%;SfLEA3-2全长557 bp,编码144个氨基酸,GC含量为67.8%。通过ProtParamy等生物软件分析,SpLEA3、SfLEA3-1和SfLEA3-2与贵州悬竹LEA3基因同源性高达61%以上,且3个基因编码蛋白均属于亲水性蛋白。源自2个竹种LEA3基因均包含一个完整的开放阅读框,其编码的氨基酸含有4~6个由11个氨基酸组成的保守基元序列。本研究不仅为深入了解竹类植物抗旱的分子机理研究提供了基础数据,也为竹类植物的抗旱育种后续研究提供了科学依据。     

奶牛场高浓度污水的絮凝预处理效果研究

为了解决奶牛场高浓度污水深度处理难度大的问题,开展了化学絮凝预处理效果研究的试验。选用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和3种离子型的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）作为絮凝剂,通过对絮凝处理后上清液体积、化学需氧量（COD）和浊度的检测和分析,比较了PAM单独使用以及PAC与PAM复合使用的絮凝效果。结果表明：单独投加PAM比PAC与PAM复合使用的处理效果好,且PAM的离子型对高浓度奶牛场污水处理中COD和浊度的去除率有显著影响。当非离子型聚丙烯酰胺的浓度为1 g/L、投加量为2.5 mL时处理效果最好,出水的COD、氨氮质量浓度和总磷质量浓度分别为（12 892±2 354）mg/L、（462±53）mg/L和（31±3）mg/L,相应的去除率分别可达69.48%±4.10%、13.11%±8.59%和85.05%±1.27%,此时的经济成本为0.05元/m3。采用非离子型聚丙烯酰胺对高浓度奶牛场污水进行预处理是可行的,能够有效降低奶牛场污水中的有机物和悬浮物,减轻后续处理工艺的负荷,研究结果可为奶牛场高浓度污水化学絮凝预处理方法的应用提供科学依据。     

激光切割对马铃薯组培苗移栽后生长指标的影响

以机械剪切方式作为对照,使用以CO_2激光器在垂直照射、离焦量12 mm、光输出功率10 W的条件下的激光,对马铃薯组培苗进行无接触式切割,并对激光切割和机械剪切后马铃薯组培苗的生长情况进行对比试验。试验结果显示:使用激光进行马铃薯组培苗切割不会影响其生物活性;在培养21 d后,无论是单切口茎段还是双切口茎段,激光切割马铃薯组培苗的存活率、株高、节间数、节间长度、茎粗、根长、去根鲜质量等生长指标均优于机械剪切方式。试验结果表明,以激光切割方式代替传统机械剪切方式进行马铃薯组培苗的无接触式切割,极大简化了组培苗移栽时的动作,能有效避免组培苗交叉感染,促进移栽的组培苗茎段成活。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi optimize the acquisition and translocation of Cd and P by cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> L.) plant cultivated on a Cd-contaminated soil

Purpose

Fruiting vegetables are generally considered to be safer than other vegetables for planting on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farms. However, the risk of transferring Cd that has accumulated in the stems and leaves of fruiting vegetables is a major issue encountered with the usage of such non-edible parts. The objective of this study was to resolve the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to the production of low-Cd fruiting vegetables (focusing on the non-edible parts) on Cd-contaminated fields.

Materials and methods

An 8-week pot experiment was conducted to investigate the acquisition and translocation of Cd by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants on an unsterilized Cd-contaminated (1.6 mg kg^?1) soil in response to inoculation with the AM fungus, Funneliformis caledonium (Fc) or Glomus versiforme (Gv). Mycorrhizal colonization rates of cucumber roots were assessed. Dry biomass and Cd and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the cucumber shoots and roots were all measured. Soil pH, EC, total Cd, phytoavailable (DTPA-extractable) Cd, available P, and acid phosphatase activity were also tested.

Results and discussion

Both Fc and Gv significantly increased (P?<?0.05) root mycorrhizal colonization rates and P acquisition efficiencies, and thus the total P acquisition and biomass of cucumber plants, whereas only Fc significantly increased (P?<?0.05) soil acid phosphatase activity and the available P concentration. Both Fc and Gv significantly increased (P?<?0.05) root to shoot P translocation factors, inducing significantly higher (P?<?0.05) shoot P concentrations and shoot/root biomass ratios. In contrast, both Fc and Gv significantly decreased (P?<?0.05) root and shoot Cd concentrations, resulting in significantly increased (P?<?0.05) P/Cd concentration ratios, whereas only Gv significantly decreased (P?<?0.05) the root Cd acquisition efficiency and increased (P?<?0.05) the root to shoot Cd translocation factor. Additionally, AM fungi also tended to decrease soil total and phytoavailable Cd concentrations by elevating plant total Cd acquisition and soil pH, respectively.

Conclusions

Inoculation with AM fungi increased the P acquisition and biomass of cucumber plants, but decreased plant Cd concentrations by reducing the root Cd acquisition efficiency, and resulted in a tendency toward decreases in soil phytoavailable and total Cd concentrations via increases in soil pH and total Cd acquisition by cucumber plants, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential application of AM fungi for the production of fruiting vegetables with non-edible parts that contain low Cd levels on Cd-contaminated soils.

     

Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation of upland rice on uptake kinetics of arsenate and arsenite

We assessed the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on short‐term uptake kinetics of arsenate and arsenite by excised roots of upland rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghan 221). A concentration of 0.01–0.05 mM arsenic (As) differentially affected the influx rates of both arsenate and arsenite into rice roots non‐inoculated or inoculated with Glomus mosseae and G. versiforme. While V_max for arsenate uptake by non‐mycorrhizal roots was 1.02 µmol g^?1 fresh weight h^?1, it was reduced by a factor of 2.4 for mycorrhizal roots (about 0.42 µmol g^?1 fresh weight h^?1) in the high‐affinity uptake system. However, at high concentrations of 0.5–2.5 mM As only G. versiforme was able to reduce As influx. The results show that mycorrhizal effects on As uptake of upland rice are both concentration and species‐specific.     

抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的研究

本实验将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（澳大利亚Ｔ株）进行纯化，制成抗原，应用杂交瘤技术建立了５株分泌抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的杂交瘤细胞株，其免疫球蛋白的亚类分别属于ＩｇＧ１、ＩｇＧ３、ＩｇＭ。杂交瘤细胞分泌抗体的能力稳定，长期传代对其抗体分泌能力没有影响。５株单克隆抗体与其它１２株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒标准株之间存在不同程度的交叉反应，但对鸡新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒及禽流感病毒均无交叉反应。用此杂交瘤细胞制备腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价为１０－６～１０－７，抗体对热的稳定性有一定的差别。抗体纯化后，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶电泳表明具有单克隆抗体的特征，经快速蛋白分析鉴定其纯度为８９．４９％。竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ法证明其中４株的单抗与抗原结合位点并不完全相同。采用单抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法，对抗原的检测方法进行了初步探索。     

Biochar reduces uptake and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in winter wheat on a PAH-contaminated soil

For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire gro...