采用组合增强的YOLOX-ViT协同识别温室内番茄花果

番茄花果的协同识别是温室生产管理调控的重要决策依据,针对温室番茄栽培密度大,植株遮挡、重叠等因素导致的现有识别算法精度不足问题,该研究提出一种基于级联深度学习的番茄花果协同识别方法,引入图像组合增强与前端ViT分类网络,以提高模型对于小目标与密集图像检测性能。同时,通过先分类识别、再进行目标检测的级联网络,解决了传统检测模型因为图像压缩而导致的小目标模糊、有效信息丢失问题。最后,引入了包括大果和串果在内的不同类型番茄品种数据集,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。经测试,研究提出的目标检测模型的平均识别率均值（mean average precision,m AP）为92.30%,检测速度为28.46帧/s,其中对小花、成熟番茄和未成熟番茄识别平均准确率分别为87.92%、92.35%和96.62%。通过消融试验表明,与YOLOX、组合增强YOLOX相比,改进后的模型m AP提高了2.38～6.11个百分点,相比于现有YOLOV3、YOLOV4、YOLOV5主流检测模型,m AP提高了16.56～23.30个百分点。可视化结果表明,改进模型实现了对小目标的零漏检和对密集对象的无误检,从而达到...     

Changes in the microbial community structure in soils treated with a mixture of glucose and peptone with reference to the respiratory quinone profile

Based on the respiratory quinone profile, changes in the structure of microbial communities in the soil samples from Nagoya University Farm were monitored after the treatment with 1% of a mixture of glucose and peptone. Samples of two soils differing in the fertilization history were examined: CF-soil with the application of only chemical fertilizers and FYM-soil with the application of only farmyard manure at a high rate. In the CF-soil, the amount of water-soluble organic carbon (WOC), indicator of the mixture of glucose and peptone, decreased to the original level after 14 d. After 7 d, the soil pH reached the maximum level, then decreased gradually. Changes in the inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract also reflected the 14-d period of mineralization. The amount of respiratory quinones reached maximum levels after 7 d and gradually decreased, reflecting the changes in the microbial biomass. The quinone composition significantly changed during the 14-d period and returned to a profile similar to the original one after 28 d. Diversity of quinones significantly decreased during the 14-d period due to the predominance of ubiquinone with 9 isoprenoid units. In the FYM-soil, the amount of WOC decreased to the original level after 1 d, and the pH and inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract reflected the one-day mineralization period, and nitrification started after 3 d. Although the amount of quinones indicated an increase in the microbial biomass for 14 d, the quinone composition did not change. These findings suggested that long-term application of farmyard manure resulted in stable microbial communities in response to the incorporation of organic matter in soil.     

温室整体性能模糊综合评判方法及软件实现

为解决温室整体性能评价受多因素影响以及不可能完全定量化评价等问题,分析归纳了影响温室整体性能的因素,提出了温室整体性能评价的指标体系.采用模糊数学方法,建立了温室整体性能评价的二级模糊综合评判数学模型,并开发了相应的计算机软件来实现整个评价过程,使该方法科学合理、简便实用.     

一种微波功率可调的热风微波耦合干燥装置

现有的微波发出功率多采用时间间断式控制,磁控管的发射功率恒定,通过改变磁控管的通断时间实现微波平均输出功率的调节,这种方式不能改变微波的瞬间功率,微波功率输出控制不精确,对物料品质影响较大。为此,设计了一种微波耦合干燥装置,通过改变磁控管高压回路的电容,使磁控管高压回路的阻抗发生改变,以达到微波发出功率的线性可调。以马铃薯为试验研究对象,在热风温度为60°C、电容值魏0、0.25、0.33、0.5、1!F)的条件下进行干燥对比试验,试验结果表明:热风微波耦合的干燥效率明显优于单一热风干燥,速度快、能耗低。热风微波耦合干燥是一种快速,高效和节能的干燥方式,在农产品和食品干燥中具有广阔的应用前景。     

苹果图像的背景分割与目标提取

水果的缺陷、大小和颜色差异以及光照等因素影响图像背景分割与目标提取精度.以苹果为研究对象,针对4种不同光照强度条件下采集的280幅不同姿态的苹果图像,将彩色图像的R、G、B分量进行算术运算,然后采用形态学开运算进行消噪处理,采用线性空间滤波消除锯齿状边界,采用自动阈值分割方法进行背景分割与目标提取.结果显示,203幅图像的分割偏差小于1％,占总量的72.5％;70幅图像的分割偏差大于1％而小于2％,占总量的25％;偏差大于2％的有7幅,占总量的2.5％.最大分割偏差为2.83％.     

熊岳地区气候变化特征分析

熊岳地区近59 a平均气温呈上升趋势(0.234℃/10a),各年代平均气温呈阶梯式上升,四季平均气温均呈上升趋势,冬季增温速率最大,夏季增温速率最小。近59 a降水量呈下降趋势(31.74 mm/10a),各年代平均降水量呈阶梯式下降,春季降水量呈弱的上升趋势,夏、秋、冬三季降水量呈下降趋势,夏季降水量减少速率最大(26.378 mm/10a),冬季降水量减少速率最小。熊岳地区气候由湿冷变干暖趋势显著。     

棉红铃虫的自然耐药性及其代谢机制

棉红铃虫安庆种群的漫行期滞育幼虫，对溴氰菊酯和敌敌畏的ＬＤ５０值（ｕｇ／ｇ）分别为该种群第一代田间花虫（４龄幼虫）的９．１２倍和３．０８倍。增效测定发现，增效醚（Ｐｂ）和磷酸三苯脂（ＴＰＰ）对溴氰菊酯均有显著的增效作用，漫行期滞育幼虫的致死率较一代田间花虫略强。漫行期滞育幼虫的致死率较一代田间花虫略强。漫行期滞育幼虫中肠，脂肪体，体壁及整体的酯酶活力分别是第一代田间花虫的１．７３，２．０５．２...     

Biological Degradation and Chemical Oxidation Characteristics of Coke-Oven Wastewater

Biological and chemical oxidation characteristics of two kinds ofcoke-oven wastewaters, A and B, discharged from a conventional batch coke-oven and a newly developed continuous coke-oven, respectively, were studied for selecting effective treatment processes of the wastewaters. Pollutants contained in Wastewater-A could be removed by biological process with a sufficient effluent quality, while those which existed in Wastewater-Bcould not be satisfactorily removed. Microbial community structure investigation using the respiratory quinone profile clarified that Pseudomonas putida (dominant quinone: ubiquinone-9) was a dominant species in the biological treatmentsystem. The refractory organic pollutants, existed in Wastewater-B,were mineralized more effectively by Fenton's reagent than by ozone. A wastewater treatment process, in which Fenton's oxidation is followed by a biological treatment, was proposed forthe treatment of Wastewater-B based on the experimental results.     

Long-Term Observation of Fogwater Composition at two Mountainous Sites in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

We made serial observations on acid fog at Mt. Akagi and Mt. Haruna, Japan for 5 years. The altitudes of the sampling sites were 1500 m (Mt. Akagi) and 1200 m (Mt. Haruna) above sea level, and the sites were approximately 30 km apart. The average liquid water content (LWC) at Mt. Akagi and Mt. Haruna was 74 mg m^?3 and 63 mg m^?3, respectively. The pH of fogwater was 2.72–7.14 (mean 3.71) at Mt. Akagi and 2.94–6.58 (mean 3.73) at Mt. Haruna. Our long-term observations indicate that there was no significant difference in the chemical components in fogwater at both sites except for ammonium ion. However, there were some cases where the chemical components of fogwater at each site were differed remarkably even in the concurrent fog event. Nitrate and sulfate ions contributed to acidification of fogwater at Mts. Akagi and Haruna and 95% of sulfate ion in the fogwater originated from air pollution. Ammonia gas in the air was the main neutralizer of acidity in fogwater. When absorption of excessive nitric acid gas over ammonia gas in the air occurred, the pH of fogwater was lowered. Our back trajectory analysis indicated that the fogwater at Mt. Akagi was mainly affected by an air mass from the Kanto Plain, including Tokyo, while the fogwater at Mt. Haruna was influenced by an air mass from large, western cities, such as Nagoya and Osaka, as well as Tokyo.     

Loss of virulence of the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum through infection by φRSM filamentous phages

φRSM1 and φRSM3 (φRSM phages) are filamentous phages (inoviruses) that infect Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt. Infection by φRSM phages causes several cultural and physiological changes to host cells, especially loss of virulence. In this study, we characterized changes related to the virulence in φRSM3-infected cells, including (i) reduced twitching motility and reduced amounts of type IV pili (Tfp), (ii) lower levels of β-1,4-endoglucanase (Egl) activity and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production, and (iii) reduced expression of certain genes (egl, pehC, phcA, phcB, pilT, and hrpB). The significantly lower levels of phcA and phcB expression in φRSM3-infected cells suggested that functional PhcA was insufficient to activate many virulence genes. Tomato plants injected with φRSM3-infected cells of different R. solanacearum strains did not show wilting symptoms. The virulence and virulence factors were restored when φRSM3-encoded orf15, the gene for a putative repressor-like protein, was disrupted. Expression levels of phcA as well as other virulence-related genes in φRSM3-ΔORF15-infected cells were comparable with those in wild-type cells, suggesting that orf15 of φRSM3 may repress phcA and, consequently, result in loss of virulence.