Distribution and habitat characteristics of three sympatric cetacean species in the coastal waters of Matang,Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

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航天诱变高产酸副干酪乳杆菌A-4-2性质与酶活性研究

以航天诱变副干酪乳杆菌A-4-2为研究对象,采用扫描电镜、低pH值、荧光定量PCR(聚合酶链式反应)等方法对诱变菌株进行了形态学、耐受性、产胞外多糖含量及β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达量等研究。比较了突变菌株和出发菌株的耐酸、耐胆盐、产胞外多糖、表面疏水性等性能变化和差异以及β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达量的变化。结果表明,突变菌株形态学观察结果与野生菌株无明显差异;在pH值3. 5培养1 h与2 h,突变菌株较野生菌株的存活率显著升高(P 0. 05);发酵7 d后菌株耐酸能力评价结果显示,不同pH值条件下,突变菌株的活菌数均显著高于野生菌株(P 0. 05),且耐胆盐及产胞外多糖的能力均未受到影响,但菌株表面疏水性显著降低;突变菌株β-半乳糖苷酶活性和基因表达量,均显著高于出发菌株(P 0. 05)。同时,证明了β-半乳糖苷酶活性与菌株产酸有密不可分的关系。     

Effects of salinity on standard metabolic rate and critical oxygen tension in the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

The extensively farmed giant freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, can survive salinities up to 26 g L^?1, but the commercially important grow‐out occurs exclusively in freshwater areas. Recent studies suggest the shrimp equally capable of growing in brackish as fresh water and a better understanding of how this species responds to changing salinity could significantly impact freshwater prawn farming in deltas and coastal areas. Here, the effect of salinity (0 and 15 g L^?1) on standard metabolic rate (SMR) and critical oxygen tension (P_crit) was measured in adult M. rosenbergii using intermittent closed respirometry. SMR was 79.8 ± 3.1 and 72.7 ± 2.9 μmol kg^?1 min^?1 in fresh and brackish water, respectively, with no significant difference between the two salinities (P = 0.122). During hypoxia M. rosenbergii maintained oxygen uptake down to a P_crit of 26.3 ± 1.4 mmHg in fresh and 27.2 ± 2.0 mmHg in brackish water (P = 0.682), showing that salinity had no overall effect on oxygen conductance in the animals. These findings are in agreement with recent growth studies and provide further evidence that grow‐out phase could be accomplished in brackish water areas. Thus, the predicted intrusions of brackish water in tropical deltas as a consequence of future global warming may not impact this important production.     

桑树抗青枯病杂交组合顺农2号的育成

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Nutritive value of different grape musts (Vitis vinifera L.)

Musts of 11 different grape sorts were analyzed for titratable acids, total sugars, nitrogen, vitamin B group (B₁, B₂, B₆, pantothenic acid) and macro- and micro elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo). Analyses were done on samples collected in 1983 and 1984. The nutritive value of each sample was characterised by indices based on the nutrient concentrations and recommended dietary allowances (RDA). The nutritive values of the various grape must sorts were generally similar to those of the following vintage. Favourable climatic conditions had a positive effect on the nutritive values.     

枯草芽孢杆菌生防菌株SEM-9根际定植及对根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

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