基于实例分割和光流计算的死兔识别模型研究

为实现自动化识别死兔,提高养殖管理效率,以笼养生长兔为研究对象,以基于优化Mask RCNN的实例分割网络和基于LiteFlowNet的光流计算网络为研究方法,构建了一种多目标背景下基于视频关键帧的死兔识别模型.该模型的实例分割网络以ResNet 50残差网络为主干,结合PointRend算法实现目标轮廓边缘的精确提取...     

Soil water content,carbon, and nitrogen determine the abundances of methanogens,methanotrophs, and methane emission in the Zoige alpine wetland

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Alpine wetland ecosystems can contribute large amounts of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere; however, their emissions vary with environmental conditions. Microbial...     

桑树中拮抗内生细菌的分离筛选及其抑菌机制

以小麦赤霉病菌为指示菌,进行桑树拮抗内生细菌的分离筛选,开展拮抗内生细菌的对峙培养和盆栽控病试验,并采用分光光度法检测SSY26拮抗菌引入小麦穗部,小麦穗组织中的多酚氧化酶(PPO) 、过氧化物酶(POD) 和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL) 的酶活性。结果显示,SSY26菌株对小麦赤霉病菌具有较好的抑制作用,抑菌率达到58.65%,显微观察显示SSY26菌株可引起小麦赤霉病菌菌丝膨大、畸形,影响其正常生长;分子鉴定SSY26菌株为芽孢杆菌属微生物。小麦盆栽试验结果表明,第18 天时SSY26菌悬液对小麦赤霉病的防治效果为27.30% ,与化学药剂处理组没有显著差异,且桑树内生细菌SSY26引入到小麦穗部,可提高穗部组织中PPO、PAL及POD等防御酶活性。     

砒砂岩区沙棘液流及细根变化对土壤水分变化的响应

[目的] 研究砒砂岩区土壤含水量对沙棘液流速率及细根变化的响应,为沙棘在砒砂岩等干旱缺水地区的合理栽培和经营提供参考。[方法] 利用Granier茎干液流测定系统,对砒砂岩地区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗暖水乡沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）人工林的茎干液流进行长期监测,并同时对植物的细根及细根周围的土壤水分进行测定,运用相关性分析法分析沙棘人工林在生长季（6—10月）的茎干液流日变化规律及植物细根对土壤水分变化的响应。[结果] ①土壤含水量与沙棘液流速率呈现出在前期（6—7月）较低,中后期（7—9月）不断升高,后期（9—10月）有迅速下降的变化趋势。而沙棘细根的生长速率也呈现出中后期较高,前期和后期较低的变化趋势。②比较生长季各月份土壤含水量和沙棘液流速率的变化趋势趋于一致,从大到小排列依次为：8月>7月>9月>6月>10月。③土壤含水量变化与沙棘液流速率变化呈极显著正相关关系（p<0.01）,随着土壤含水量增大,沙棘液流速率逐渐升高;沙棘细根生长速率与沙棘液流速率呈显著正相关关系（p<0.05）,沙棘细根生长速度越快,沙棘液流速率越大;反之,沙棘细根生长速度越慢,沙棘液流速率越低。土壤含水量变化与细根生长速率呈极显著正相关关系（p<0.01）,随着土壤含水量升高,沙棘细根生长速率逐渐增大。[结论] 砒砂岩地区沙棘液流变化是影响土壤水分变化的主要因素,而沙棘细根变化同样影响土壤水分的变化,相对而言,沙棘液流变化比沙棘细根变化影响土壤水分变化大。说明植物蒸腾是砒砂岩区影响土壤水分变化的主要因素。     

4味中药复方治疗鸡大肠杆菌病效果的研究

为了评价由小鱼眼草、凉粉草、圆穗蓼、梁王茶4味中药组成的方剂抗鸡致病性大肠杆菌的效果，首先对病料进行分离鉴定，然后采用药敏试验测定药物抑菌圈直径，通过小鼠测定中药安全性，最后人工诱发大肠杆菌病模型治疗试验，并应用中药分别以高、中、低3个剂量（1、0.5和0.25 g/mL）对试验鸡进行灌服治疗。结果显示，麦康凯培养基上呈现红色菌落，革兰氏染色镜检见红色短小杆菌；生化鉴定结果显示，葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、吲哚和MR显阳性，三糖铁产酸产气，枸橼酸盐、VP和硫化氢显阴性。对分离细菌进行PCR检测，检测基因与对照基因均得到大小为1 466 bp的特异性条带。中药、西药环丙沙星抑菌圈直径分别为15.2和18.3 mm。小鼠灌服中药后全部存活，各试验组小鼠平均增重和空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05），未见不良反应。中药高、中、低3个剂量组、环丙沙星组、感染对照组、空白对照组的存活率分别为96.7%、93.3%、63.3%、93.3%、50.0%和100%，中药高、中、低3个剂量组和环丙沙星组治愈率分别为96.7%、93.3%、63.3%和93.3%。中药高、中剂量组平均增重及胸腺重差异不显著（P>0.05），但显著高于中药低剂量组（P<0.05）；中药高、中剂量组和环丙沙星组脾脏重差异不显著（P>0.05），但显著高于中药低剂量组和感染对照组（P<0.05）。结果表明，1和0.5 g/mL中药口服液抗菌效果明显，与环丙沙星效果相似，中药低剂量效果不明显。     

Study of cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in Eisenia fetida based on mathematical modelling

As a sensitive biological indicator, earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants of soil and provide an early warning for soil pollution. However, because many indices are involved in the exposure-induced oxidative stress response, practical applications of these indices are quite inconvenient. Therefore, it is appropriate to investigate the key monitoring index for use in early warning and pollution monitoring. Using Eisenia fetida as an experimental model in an indoor simulation experiment, the mathematical modelling of the effect on oxidative stress in earthworms under cadmium (Cd) stress was studied. The test lasted 40 d, with the removal of one earthworm every 10 d. The Cd²⁺ concentration gradient was set as 0, 1, 10, 20, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg^-1 dry weight. The earthworms were divided into two sections from the clitellum for the determination of total protein (TP) and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Results showed that POD was the key index of oxidative stress in head tissues after 10 d of exposure, TP was the key index at 20 d, and POD became the key index again at 30 and 40 d. By contrast, in tail tissues, MDA and SOD were the key indices at an exposure time of 10 d, GPX at 20 d, CAT and TP at 30 d, and POD and MDA at 40 d. These results contribute to establishing a scientific method for ecotoxicological diagnosis and revealing the mechanism of soil Cd toxicity.     

Study of oxidative stress cadmium(Cd)-induced in Eisenia fetida based on mathematical modeling

As a sensitive biological indicator, earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants of soil and provide an early warning for soil pollution.However, because many indices are involved in the exposure-induced oxidative stress response, practical applications of these indices are quite inconvenient.Therefore, it is appropriate to investigate the key monitoring index for use in early warning and pollution monitoring. Using Eisenia fetida as an experimental model in an indoor simulation experiment, the mathematical modelling of the effect on oxidative stress in earthworms under cadmium(Cd) stress was studied.The test lasted 40 d, with the removal of one earthworm every 10 d. The Cd~(2+)concentration gradient was set as 0, 1, 10, 20, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg~(-1) dry weight. The earthworms were divided into two sections from the clitellum for the determination of total protein(TP) and peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione-S-transferase(GST), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA), and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activities. Results showed that POD was the key index of oxidative stress in head tissues after 10 d of exposure, TP was the key index at 20 d, and POD became the key index again at 30 and 40 d. By contrast, in tail tissues, MDA and SOD were the key indices at an exposure time of 10 d, GPX at 20 d, CAT and TP at 30 d, and POD and MDA at 40 d. These results contribute to establishing a scientific method for ecotoxicological diagnosis and revealing the mechanism of soil Cd toxicity.     

蓝狐牙釉质基因克隆及性别鉴定的应用

牙釉质(Amelogenin,AMEL)基因在哺乳动物X、Y染色体上存在不同程度碱基缺失,已在动物性别鉴定方面得到一定程度的应用。本试验对蓝狐牙釉质基因片段进行克隆、纯化和测序,并通过测得序列设计1对引物,对50个蓝狐DNA样本(其中25个来自雄性蓝狐精液,25个来自雌性蓝狐静脉血液)进行PCR扩增和电泳分析,鉴定蓝狐性别。结果显示,雌性蓝狐产生1条X带,雄性蓝狐产生1条X带和1条Y带,50个蓝狐DNA样本鉴定结果符合实际性别。判断所设计牙釉质基因引物可以用于蓝狐性别鉴定。     

基于深层卷积神经网络的肉兔图像分割与体质量估测

针对肉兔饲养管理过程中人工称量造成的应激、体质量信息采集困难等问题,提出了一种基于深层卷积神经网络的肉兔图像分割与体质量估测方法,实现了肉兔养殖管理中的无接触式称量。构建基于Mask R-CNN的肉兔图像分割网络,以残差网络ResNet101作为主干网络,利用COCO数据集进行迁移学习以提高训练效率,获取围栏中不受限制的肉兔图像分割结果。提取每个样本掩膜的像素面积,通过引入弯曲度和体长两个特征参数来修正每个样本与对应体质量之间的权重关系。以投影面积、弯曲度、体长和日龄为输入参数,以肉兔体质量为输出参数,构建6神经元的体质量估测神经网络。分别测试肉兔图像分割网络和体质量估测神经网络,结果表明,肉兔图像分割网络在交并比（IoU）为0.5∶0.95时分类准确率为94.5%,对像素分割的精确度为95.1%。体质量估测神经网络的拟合相关系数R为0.99391,验证集均方误差为0.0336,预测体质量和实际体质量平均相差123g。本文方法对不同日龄和不同姿态下肉兔的预测效果良好。     

外源褪黑素对低温弱光胁迫下茄子幼苗生理特性的影响

以‘春晨长红茄’为材料,采用不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250μmol/L)褪黑素(MT)喷施茄子幼苗叶片,以喷施清水为对照(置于自然光温下为CK,低温弱光下为CK1),研究MT对低温弱光胁迫下茄子幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:浓度低于200μmol/L的MT能保持低温弱光胁迫下茄子幼苗叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,当MT浓度为150μmol/L,茄子幼苗叶片叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别比CK1高40.23%和75.00%;喷施MT,有助于提高PSII活性,增大光能捕获和转化效率;喷施MT能提高茄子幼苗叶片POD、SOD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量,促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累,当MT浓度为150μmol/L时,与CK1相比,茄子幼苗叶片POD活性提高了108.66%,可溶性糖含量提高了50.61%。综合本研究结果,喷施MT能提高茄子幼苗叶片对低温弱光的抵抗力,且浓度为150μmol/L时效果较好。