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1.
Winfried Schröder Stefan Nickel Simon Schönrock Roman Schmalfuß Werner Wosniok Michaela Meyer Harry Harmens Marina V. Frontasyeva Renate Alber Julia Aleksiayenak Lambe Barandovski Oleg Blum Alejo Carballeira Maria Dam Helena Danielsson Ludwig De Temmermann Anatoly M. Dunaev Barbara Godzik Katrin Hoydal Zvonka Jeran Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Pranvera Lazo Sebastien Leblond Jussi Lindroos Siiri Liiv Sigurður H. Magnússon Blanka Mankovska Encarnación Núñez-Olivera Juha Piispanen Jarmo Poikolainen Ion V. Popescu Flora Qarri Jesus Miguel Santamaria Mitja Skudnik Zdravko Špirić Trajce Stafilov Eiliv Steinnes Claudia Stihi Ivan Suchara Lotti Thöni Hilde Thelle Uggerud Harald G. Zechmeister 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):31
Key message
Moss surveys provide spatially dense data on environmental concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen which, together with other biomonitoring and modelling data, can be used for indicating deposition to terrestrial ecosystems and related effects across time and areas of different spatial extension.Context
For enhancing the spatial resolution of measuring and mapping atmospheric deposition by technical devices and by modelling, moss is used complementarily as bio-monitor.Aims
This paper investigated whether nitrogen and heavy metal concentrations derived by biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition are statistically meaningful in terms of compliance with minimum sample size across several spatial levels (objective 1), whether this is also true in terms of geostatistical criteria such as spatial auto-correlation and, by this, estimated values for unsampled locations (objective 2) and whether moss indicates atmospheric deposition in a similar way as modelled deposition, tree foliage and natural surface soil at the European and country level, and whether they indicate site-specific variance due to canopy drip (objective 3).Methods
Data from modelling and biomonitoring atmospheric deposition were statistically analysed by means of minimum sample size calculation, by geostatistics as well as by bivariate correlation analyses and by multivariate correlation analyses using the Classification and Regression Tree approach and the Random Forests method.Results
It was found that the compliance of measurements with the minimum sample size varies by spatial scale and element measured. For unsampled locations, estimation could be derived. Statistically significant correlations between concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen in moss and modelled atmospheric deposition, and concentrations in leaves, needles and soil were found. Significant influence of canopy drip on nitrogen concentration in moss was proven.Conclusion
Moss surveys should complement modelled atmospheric deposition data as well as other biomonitoring approaches and offer a great potential for various terrestrial monitoring programmes dealing with exposure and effects.2.
The earliest sign of osteoarthritis is acute synovitis with joint effusion and elevated intraarticular pressure, which causes compression of the intracapsular vein segments draining the epiphyseal bone compartment. The increased outflow resistance may cause a fall in the regional blood flow and thereby lead to a state of tissue hypoxia. The acute osteoarthritis may also affect the transfer of oxygen to the cartilage across synovial membrane because of the extensive inflammation with hypercellularity and edema.In the present study we have investigated the subchondral P02 and Pc02 in acute osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference between these gas tensions in the normal and osteoarthritic bone. We have also investigated the oxygen consumption and diffusion capacity in the synovial membrane. The latter was decreased by a factor of 4 in the osteoarthritic joints whilst the oxygen consumption was increased by a factor of 3. 相似文献
3.
Lund E Engeset D Alsaker E Skeie G Hjårtaker A Lundebye AK Niebor E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5683):477-8; author reply 477-8
4.
Vesper HW Slimani N Hallmans G Tjønneland A Agudo A Benetou V Bingham S Boeing H Boutron-Ruault MC Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Chirlaque D Clavel-Chapelon F Crowe F Drogan D Ferrari P Johansson I Kaaks R Linseisen J Lund E Manjer J Mattiello A Palli D Peeters PH Rinaldi S Skeie G Trichopoulou A Vineis P Wirfält E Overvad K Strömberg U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6046-6053
Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered. 相似文献
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The oxygen supply to the joint cartilage depends on the oxygen transport from the capsular arteries to the capillaries, the oxygen diffusion across the synovial membrane and the oxygen transport through the synovia. In osteoarthritis the resistance to transport across all 3 barriers may be increased because of the joint effusion, the elevated intraarticular pressure and the inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane.In the present study we describe a method to determine 2 important parameters affecting the oxygen transport through the synovial membrane: the oxygen consumption and diffusion capacity of the membrane. The principle of the method is to perfuse the joint cavity of the knee by saline saturated with air and to record the relationship between the oxygen partial pressure in the outflowing perfusate and the perfusion rate.The values found for the diffusion capacity and oxygen consumption were 0.039 ± 0.013 μl O2/min/Torr and 0.93 ± 0.90 μl O2/min (mean ± s). 相似文献
7.
Orfanos P Naska A Trichopoulos D Slimani N Ferrari P van Bakel M Deharveng G Overvad K Tjønneland A Halkjaer J Santucci de Magistris M Tumino R Pala V Sacerdote C Masala G Skeie G Engeset D Lund E Jakszyn P Barricarte A Chirlaque MD Martinez-Garcia C Amiano P Quirós JR Bingham S Welch A Spencer EA Key TJ Rohrmann S Linseisen J Ray J Boeing H Peeters PH Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Ocke M Johansson I Johansson G Berglund G Manjer J Boutron-Ruault MC Touvier M Clavel-Chapelon F Trichopoulou A 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(12):1515-1525
8.
Bahruz Suleymanov Majid Ahmedov Kamala Safarova Eiliv Steinnes 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):301-310
Silver, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc were determined monthly during 2004–2008 at 11 sites in the Kura–Araks river system, Azerbaijan. Suspended fractions of the elements were studied at the five sites experiencing the highest load. Metal concentrations varied moderately at each site but differed substantially between sites. Sites near the borders with Armenia and Georgia were most polluted, both with respect to soluble concentrations and percentage transported in suspended form. Lower parts of the Kura river were shielded from metal contamination by an upstream reservoir acting as a metal trap. Corresponding removal was not evident in Araks, its main tributary, where particularly high concentrations of arsenic were observed. At the most contaminated sites, more than 60% of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc was transported in suspended form whereas arsenic and molybdenum occurred mainly in soluble form. Dynamics of metals in the Kura–Araks water/sediment system should be further studied to meet future problems. 相似文献
9.
Changes in the Hounsfield Unit value of adipose tissue and of non-adipose soft tissue during growth are poorly documented. This study examines the HU of these tissues in growing pigs. Computer tomography scans were made in nine growing pigs on three occasions, approximately four weeks apart. Average body weight was 51, 94, and 121 kg for each successive scan. Images from the level of the diaphragm to the hips were analyzed. The mean HU and its standard deviation, for adipose tissue and for non-adipose soft tissues was determined for each pig. The mean adipose tissue HU for all pigs was -90, -98 and -101 on the first, middle and last scans, respectively. Corresponding HU values for non-adipose soft tissues were, 52, 51 and 49. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between HU at each scan time for each set of tissues. 相似文献
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