猪卵母细胞在不同条件下的体外成熟培养

研究了不同时间段添加外源激素及不同基础培养液和血清有无对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。实验包括（1）猪卵母细胞以TCM199＋10％FBS＋10IU／mL pregnant more serum gonadotrophin（PMSG）＋10IU／mL human chorion gonadotrophin（hCG）＋2．5IU／mL follicle stimulate hormone（FSH）为成熟培养液体外培养44h，前22h在培养液中加激素，后22h不加激素及前22h不加激素，后22h添加激素和添加激素连续培养44h；（2）以实验（1）中激素添加的方案在体外添加激素连续培养44h，对不同基础培养液（TCM199粉剂、TCM199原液和改良TCM199（mM199））对猪卵母细胞体外成熟进行了研究；（3）以实验（2）中筛选出的mM199组为成熟培养液对比血清有无对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。结果表明，实验（1）中3种激素添加不同时间段其成熟率分别为45．67％、45．29％和46．07％，对猪卵母细胞体外成熟无显著影响（P〉0．05）；实验（2）中，mM199组的成熟率（54．10％）高于TCM199粉剂组的成熟率（46．16％）及TCM199原液组的成熟率（47．14％），但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；实验（3）中无血清组的成熟率（67．10％）高于有血清清组的成熟率（52．22％），差异显著（P〈0．05）。由此表明，mM199＋10IU／mL PMSG＋10IU／mL hCG＋2．5IU／mL FSH是一种适合于猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养液，体外成熟率达67．10％。     

Effects of Organic Acids,o-Phenylenediamine and Pyrocatechol on Cadmium Adsorption and Desorption in Soil

This article studied the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and lowmolecular weight organics in Indicotic black (IB) soil.Cadmium adsorption isotherm in this soil was satisfactorilysimulated using Freundlich equation as Q = 905.6C^0.49 with high correlation (r² = 0.984), and its adsorption quantity increased with increasing pH. The presence of citricacid and EDTA significantly reduced Cd adsorption in soil,which was due to the formation of soluble Cd-organic complex. Concentration of cadmium ions in equilibrium solution was determined and percentages of [CdH₂Cit⁺]/[Cd-complex_Total],[CdHCit]/[Cd-complex_Total] and [CdCit^-]/[Cd-complex_Total] vs. pH were successfully calculated. Desorption percentage ofCd, adsorbed in the presence of citric acid and EDTA decreased, compared with that adsorbed in NaNO₃ media. It suggeststhat free sites for Cd adsorption in soil increased in thepresence of organic acid. When o-phenylenediamine, pyrocatechol and aminoethonic acid appeared in Cd equilibrium media, Cd adsorption quantity increased by increasing cation exchange ofpositively charged cadmium complex with soil at low pH. Compared with that performed in the absence of these organics, the exchangeable Cd, desorbed by 0.1 mol L^-1 NaNO₃, reduced obviously, which suggests that Cd-complex was moredifficult to be desorbed than Cd²⁺. Moreover, % Cd desorbedwas linearly correlated with the reverse of the total Cd adsorptionunder unsaturated adsorption.     

Analysis of Major Carotenoid Composition and Its Content of Citrus Fruit

a-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein content of fruits in53 citrus cultivars were determined using HPLC. In both peel and pulp of citrus fruit, the major carotenoidswere lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. β-carotene content was relatively low and extremely low was theamount of or-carotene. Among the 53 cultivars tested, lycopene was detected only in pulp of Cara Cara navelorange. Carotenoid content in both peel and pulp of citrus fruit was the highest in Citrus reticulata Blanco andlowest in Citrus grandis Osbeck. Consequently, as far as the health protection value is considered, fruit ofCitrus reticulata Blanco ranks probably higher than other citrus fruits. In fruit of most Citrus retieulatavarities, β-cryptoxanthin was the main carotenoid component in pulp and its amount approximated that of lu-tein in peel. Content of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin in peel was about 2.5 - 15 times that in pulp onthe basis of fresh weight. Thus peel was inferred to be the principal location for the carotenoid stock in citrus fruit.     

春玉米中单909农艺性状和产量对密植的响应及其在东北不同区域的差异

增密是实现东北春玉米大面积增产的关键技术,水热和土壤等区域生态条件是决定作物密度高低的关键因素。东北的区域生态条件差异显著, 阐明作物对密度和区域生态条件的综合响应对东北春玉米增密增产具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。本研究以中单909为供试品种, 在代表东北不同生态条件的辽宁沈阳、吉林公主岭、黑龙江哈尔滨、吉林桦甸和吉林洮南等5个试验点设置密度试验, 研究春玉米农艺性状与产量对密度和区域生态条件的综合响应。结果表明, 密植导致株高与穗位高增加, 茎粗降低。区域生态条件主要影响玉米株高, 对茎粗和穗位高的影响不显著。随密度增加, 群体叶面积指数(LAI)显著增加, 尤其是随热量条件改善, 群体LAI呈显著增加趋势。在一定范围内, 密植可以通过提高群体干物质生产力弥补单株生产力的下降, 从而获得高产; 本试验条件下, 中单909在9.00万株 hm^-2左右密度下的密植增产潜力得到充分发挥, 而区域间因生态条件不同, 高产种植密度存在显著差异, 其适宜密植范围在8.6~9.6万株hm^-2之间。     

白银市刘家窑沙区生态防护体系建设研究

在腾格里沙漠东南缘白银市刘家窑沙区实施防治荒漠化的生态防护体系建设，封沙育草，固定流沙，种草养畜，培肥地力，建设经济生态型防护林网使沙区土壤水稳性团粒结构增加17％左右，土壤粘粒物质增加23％-37％，土壤持水能力提高3％，土壤有机质增加25.4％左右。封育3年的天然植被盖度达50.27％，生态复合型枸杞经济林网节约水资源38％以上，经济效益显著。     

土壤-水-植物系统中Pb和Cd的交互作用及其机理: Ⅰ. 红壤－植物系统中Pb和Cd的交互作用

A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage.The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stages and chemical compounds added .The plant height and the root weght were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interication in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl2 and CdCl2 added.However,the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly affected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)2 and CdCl2.The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage.It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice.     

单本密植机插对杂交稻生长和产量的影响

为了研究单本密植机插和常规机插对杂交稻分蘖动态、干物质积累、辐射利用率和产量及产量构成的影响,在湖南省浏阳市以杂交稻泰优390、五优308为材料和在广东省肇庆市以五优308为材料,进行印刷播种和常规播种的秧苗素质比较以及单本密植机插和常规机插的大田栽培试验。结果表明,两试验点印刷播种的叶龄、白根数、总根数、茎基宽、地上部干重和地下部干重均明显高于常规播种。单本密植机插的最高分蘖数和有效分蘖数显著低于常规机插,但单本密植机插的每穗粒数、总颖花数、结实率和千粒重高于常规机插,增产10.28%~13.96%,达到显著水平。从穗部性状来看,单本密植机插的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗长、着粒密度和单穗重均显著高于常规机插。在生长前期,单本密植机插的干物质积累和叶面积指数低于常规机插,而成熟期干物质量比常规机插高0.61%~9.45%,且收获指数显著高于常规机插。此外,单本密植机插的截获辐射量和截获率低于常规机插,而辐射利用率显著高于常规机插。由此可见,杂交稻单本密植机插不仅可以降低用种量、提高秧苗素质,还能增加每穗粒数、总颖花数、千粒重及提高结实率、收获指数和辐射利用率,从而获得高产。     

Biochemical and Physiological Changes of Three Watermelon Cultivars Infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp.niveum

The dynamic changes in membrane permeability, activities of disease-related enzymes, and contents of pathogenesis-relevant chemical compounds and photosynthetic pigments in root cells of three watermelon cultivars were studied after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum at seedling stage. The results showed that the capacity of self-regulating and returning to normal status of cultivar Kelunsheng (resistant) was greater than that of a susceptible cultivar, Zaohua, in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content, relative conductivity, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The resistant cultivar maintained a higher activity of dehydrogenase, higher content of vitamin C(Vc), and relatively lower content of soluble sugar than the susceptible cultivar. The content of soluble protein was higher in the resistant cultivar than that in the susceptible one at day 1 after inoculation. The capacities of the resistant cultivar to inhibit chlorophyll deterioration and maintain a higher carotenoid content were significantly stronger than those of the susceptible cultivar.     

黑龙江省不同年代玉米杂交种氮肥利用效率对种植密度和施氮水平的响应

以黑龙江省近50年来第I积温带大面积种植的8个典型春玉米品种为材料,于2009-2010年进行密度和施肥的田间试验,比较不同年代主栽品种氮肥偏生产力(PFP)、氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮肥吸收利用率(NRE)及主要器官氮含量对密度和氮素的响应差异。结果显示,1970s-2000s品种更替过程中,PFP和NRE呈递增趋势,增幅分别为3.41 kg kg^-1 10年^-1和2.26个百分点10年^-1。NAE在1970s-1990s呈显著递增趋势,之后呈下降趋势。氮收获指数随年代递增呈显著下降趋势,平均每10年下降1.51个百分点;茎、叶和籽粒氮积累量随年代推进呈显著递增趋势,平均每10年分别递增0.09、0.07和0.12 g株^-1;上述各主要指标在年代、密度和氮肥水平之间存在显著的互作效应。各年代品种的氮肥利用效率均随氮肥水平的提高而显著下降,随密度的增加呈抛物线形变化趋势,最高效率值出现在50 000-70 000株 hm^-2范围内,现代品种的最高氮效率的种植密度高于老品种。各年代品种籽粒、叶片、茎氮素积累量和氮收获指数随密度增加呈显著递减趋势。各年代品种籽粒、茎和叶片氮素积累量随施氮量增加呈增加趋势,施氮量对氮收获指数影响各年代品种表现不同。上述结果表明,品种改良的氮肥增效潜力较大。在现有的品种状况下,增密不仅可以增产,而且可以显著提高肥料效率。     

黑龙江省不同年代玉米杂交种产量对种植密度和施氮水平的响应

明确不同年代春玉米生产力对种植密度和氮肥水平的响应特征及其趋势,对高产高效的耐密品种选育和密植抗倒栽培具有重要的理论参考和技术指导意义。本文以黑龙江近50年来第一积温带大面积种植的8个典型春玉米品种为材料,于2009和2010年进行密度和施肥的田间试验,比较不同年代主栽品种生产力演变特征。结果显示,黑龙江省1970s—2000s玉米品种更替过程中,单株生产力与群体产量均明显提高,平均增幅分别为16.96 g 10年^-1和790 kg hm^-2 10年^-1;植株空秆率和倒伏率显著下降,株高、穗位、单株叶面积、穗粒数、千粒重显著提高。随着密度的提高,各年代玉米的单株产量呈显著下降趋势,群体产量呈抛物线形上升,群体最高产量的理论密度增幅为3 507株 hm^-2 10 年^-1;空秆率显著提高,但倒伏率仅1970s和1980s的品种呈递增趋势;株高、单株叶面积、棒三叶面积、穗粒数与千粒重均呈现下降趋势,穗位随密度增加呈显著上升趋势。各年代品种株高、穗位、单株叶面积和千粒重随氮肥水平提高呈增加趋势。在150~450 kg hm^-2的施氮水平范围,随着氮肥水平的提高,各年代品种增产效果不明显。各主要指标在年代、密度和氮肥水平之间存在显著的互作效应。对照东北玉米现有的品种特性、种植密度和施肥现状表明,选育耐密品种和实施密植抗倒栽培的增产潜力大,在现在的施肥水平上进一步提高种植密度是东北春玉米高产增效耕作栽培的技术创新方向。