我国与美国材料燃烧技术标准比较研究

针对我国与美国的建筑材料与制品、家具及纺织织物主要燃烧技术标准体系的异同进行了比较与分析.系统比较了相关产品的技术和标准,对打破国外技术性贸易壁垒并建立完善我国的法规和标准具有十分重要的意义.     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

并联式球面变胞机构及其完整雅可比矩阵

提出了一种球面变胞机构。该机构采用并联连接方式,由动平台、静平台、3个环形支链和1个中间变胞支链组成,通过变胞支链提供不同约束,机构可演变为正常构态和变胞构态两种机构形式。正常构态时,动平台相对静平台具有3个转动自由度,等效于3自由度球面机构;变胞构态时,动平台具有一个额外的径向移动自由度。以螺旋理论为基础,首先分析机构的自由度数目和性质;其次,构建机构的运动子矩阵和约束子矩阵,并将约束子矩阵和运动子矩阵联立,建立完整的6×6雅可比矩阵;最后,分析雅可比矩阵的秩,得到机构产生奇异位形的条件,研究奇异位形的类型,提出避免发生奇异的方法,为机构设计提供理论依据。     

浅析长江三峡工程对洞庭湖区生态环境的影响

用对比分析方法，分析了长江三峡工程对洞庭湖区特别是东洞庭湖生态环境的影响，即三峡工程竣工后，将减少来自长江的泥沙量，同时，水环境质量将会下降，湖区的珍稀侯鸟可能减少；提出了保护洞庭湖水环境和湿地生态环境的对策和措施。     

日本落叶松和长白落叶松无性系嫁接林分经济效益预测

1987年4月—7月,在同等立地条件下,对日本落叶松和长白落叶松无性系嫁接林分及未经嫁接的一般长白落叶松和日本落叶松林分生长情况进行对比调查,通过对这三种林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木)的投入与产出进行预测分析。结果表明:嫁接林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木),同未经嫁接的长白落叶松、日本落叶松相比。不仅可以提高单位面积木材产量和土地利用率,缩短轮伐期,还能解决日本落叶松种源不足问题,具有较大的经济效益。     

基于层次分析法和聚类分析对珍贵树种分级研究

建立一种动态的珍贵树种评价体系,对完成区域内种质资源异地保存库的建设,落实《种子法》有重要意义。应用层次分析法和聚类分析相结合构建了层次分析网络,最终从392个资料上记载具有一定经济价值或科研价值的乡土树种中评选出179个珍贵树种,并将其划分为4个等级。珍贵树种评价的结果为河北省进一步评价珍稀濒危树种奠定基础,可作为珍贵树种评价方法标准制定依据,珍贵树种的检索和调查内容可作为确定珍稀濒危树种的一部分对普查内容进行补充,评价方法为其他资源从价值角度动态评价提供参考。     

不同激素对油用牡丹上胚轴萌发的影响

以‘凤丹白’胚根大于3cm的种子为试验材料,采用全因子试验方法,研究了GA3、NAA和6-BA 3种激素的不同浓度和时间对胚根种子的萌芽率、发芽指数和初萌期的影响,以期为苗木生产提供依据。结果表明:GA3500mg·L^-1处理16h,其萌芽率、发芽指数和初萌期分别为98.89%、0.28和77.00d,发芽指数显著高于对照、初萌期显著比对照提早了13.33d;NAA 100mg·L^-1和6-BA 100mg·L^-1对‘凤丹白’上胚轴萌发均没有明显的促进或抑制作用,300mg·L^-1 NAA和6-BA、500mg·L^-1 NAA和6-BA不论浸种时间长短均明显地抑制了‘凤丹白’种子的萌芽率和发芽指数;同时,500mg·L^-1NAA显著地延长了‘凤丹白’种子的初萌期,说明500mg·L^-1 NAA严重抑制了‘凤丹白’种子的生长发育。     

半干旱黄土区地上生物量对立地因子的响应

半干旱黄土区地形破碎、沟壑纵横、生态环境脆弱,其生态恢复过程受到全世界生态学者的普遍关注.生物量是生态系统获取能量的表现形式.以位于黄土丘陵沟壑区的植被自然恢复10a的合沟流域地上生物量为研究对象,分析不同立地因子对地上生物量的影响规律.结果表明:1)不同立地类型地上生物量从大到小依次为沟底、阴向沟坡、阴向梁坡、阳向沟坡、梁顶、阳向梁坡;2)梁坡和沟坡的地上生物量随坡度升高均呈现反S形态,梁坡的地上生物量最大值出现在20°～25°处,最小值出现在35°～40°处,沟坡的地上生物量的最小值出现在30°～35°处,最大值出现在40°～45°处;3)坡向对地上生物量的影响是显著的(P=0.049),其余因素的影响不显著.可知,该区地上生物量的分布规律是植被对不同立地类型水分、光照等自然条件综合利用的结果.