基于地基激光雷达的叶倾角分布升尺度方法研究

地基激光雷达因其具有穿透力强,能够提取植被冠层三维结构信息的优势,是提取植被叶倾角分布(Leaf angle distribution,LAD)的理想数据源,因此将地基激光雷达数据与遥感影像结合获取大尺度叶倾角分布结果颇具潜力。以河北省保定市北部4个县为研究区,利用10个玉米样地的地基激光雷达数据提取叶倾角分布结果,使用主成分正变换提取玉米实测叶倾角分布数据中信息量最大的前3个主成分,再利用神经网络模型对所提取的主成分与Landsat8反射率数据结合建立关系模型,然后将训练好的模型应用于整个研究区进行升尺度转换,最后通过主成分逆变换,得到升尺度后平均叶倾角(Mean tilt angle,MTA)结果。对升尺度后LAD与实测LAD及升尺度后MTA与实测MTA进行交叉验证,结果表明,升尺度MTA与实测MTA的验证精度(R2)为0.786 2,均方根误差(RMSE)为3.04°。该结果表明,使用提取主成分方法建立光谱数据与叶倾角分布的关系模型从而达到升尺度转换的目的具有可行性,模拟精度较高,且误差较小。     

Genetic diversity of seeds from four German Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchards

European Journal of Forest Research - In Germany, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) is seen as a valuable species for future cultivation in times of climate change. Local seed production...     

Efficacy of Omeprazole Powder Paste or Enteric‐Coated Formulation in Healing of Gastric Ulcers in Horses

Background

GastroGard, an omeprazole powder paste formulation, is considered the standard treatment for gastric ulcers in horses and is highly effective. Gastrozol, an enteric‐coated omeprazole formulation for horses, has recently become available, but efficacy data are controversial and sparse.

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of GastroGard and Gastrozol at labeled doses (4 and 1 mg of omeprazole per kg bwt, respectively, PO q24h) in healing of gastric ulcers.

Animals

40 horses; 9.5 ± 4.6 years; 491 ± 135 kg.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, blinded study. Horses with an ulcer score ≥1 (Equine Gastric Ulcer Council) were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated for 2 weeks each with GastroGard followed by Gastrozol (A) or vice versa (B). After 2 and 4 weeks, scoring was repeated and compared with baseline. Plasma omeprazole concentrations were measured on the first day of treatment after administration of GastroGard (n = 5) or Gastrozol (n = 5).

Results

Compared with baseline (squamous score (A) 1.65 ± 0.11, (B) 1.98 ± 0.11), ulcer scores at 2 weeks ((A) 0.89 ± 0.11, (B) 1.01 ± 0.11) and 4 weeks ((A) 1.10 ± 0.12, (B) 0.80 ± 0.12) had significantly decreased in both groups (P < .001), independent of treatment (P = .7). Plasma omeprazole concentrations were significantly higher after GastroGard compared with Gastrozol administration (AUC_GG = 2856 (1405‐4576) ng/mL × h, AUC_GZ = 604 (430‐1609) ng/mL × h; P = .03). The bioavailability for Gastrozol was 1.26 (95% CI 0.56–2.81) times higher than for GastroGard.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Both Gastrozol and GastroGard, combined with appropriate environmental changes, promote healing of gastric ulcers in horses. However, despite enteric coating of Gastrozol, plasma omeprazole concentrations after single labeled doses were significantly higher with GastroGard.     

Development and application of functional markers in maize

Summary Functional markers (FMs) are derived from polymorphic sites within genes causally involved in phenotypic trait variation (Andersen, J.R. & T. Lübberstedt, 2003. Trends Plant Sci 8: 554–560). FM development requires allele sequences of functionally characterized genes from which polymorphic, functional motifs affecting plant phenotype can be identified. In maize and other species with low levels of linkage disequilibrium, association studies have the potential to identify sequence motifs, such as a few nucleotides or insertions/deletions, affecting trait expression. In one of the pioneering studies, nine sequence motifs in the dwarf8 gene of maize were shown to be associated with variation for flowering time (Thornsberry, J.M., M.M. Goodman, J. Doebley, S. Kresovich, D. Nielsen & E.S. Buckler, 2001. Nat Genet 28: 286–289). Proof of sequence motif function can be obtained by comparing isogenic genotypes differing in single sequence motifs. At current, the most appropriate approach for this purpose in crops is targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) (McCallum, C.M., L. Comai, E.A. Greene & S. Henikoff, 2000. Nat Biotechnol 18: 455–457). In central Europe, maize is mainly grown as forage crop, with forage quality as major trait, which can be determined as proportion of digestible neutral detergent fiber (DNDF). Brown midrib gene knock out mutations have been shown to be beneficial for forage quality but disadvantageous for overall agronomic performance. Two brown midrib genes (bm1 and bm3) have been shown to be involved in monolignol biosynthesis. These two and additional lignin biosynthesis genes have been isolated based on sequence homology. Additional candidate genes putatively affecting forage quality have been identified by expression profiling using, e.g., isogenic bm lines. Furthermore, we identified an association between a polymorphism at the COMT locus and DNDF in a collection of European elite inbred lines.     

维生素B1和B2的萤光光度同时测定法

探讨了用同步荧光法测定维生素Ｂ１和Ｂ２的操作步骤和条件。维生素Ｂ１和Ｂ２的测定范围分别为质量浓度０．００１￣４．０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，０．０００５￣５．０００ｍｇ／Ｌ。该方法维生素Ｂ１的回收率在１０２％￣１０６％之间，维生素Ｂ２在８５．５％￣１０３．１％之间。     

Aesthetic preferences of non-farmers and farmers for different land-use types and proportions of ecological compensation areas in the Swiss lowlands

Beyond its traditional function of food production, agricultural land offers public amenities such as the protection of natural resources and landscape scenery. This study investigates the preferences of non-farmers and farmers for nine landscape scenarios in the Swiss lowlands. The nine landscapes were the result of a photo editing process combining three land-use types (arable crops, grassland and a mixture of both) and three proportions of ecological compensation areas (0%, 10% and 30%). The landscape photographs were randomly arranged on one page of a paper-based questionnaire which was sent to a random sample of 4000 Swiss households (non-farmers) and 500 farmers. The respondents (1376 non-farmers and 276 farmers) rated each landscape by attractiveness. Both non-farmers and farmers preferred a mixed land-use type or one dominated by arable crops over one dominated by grassland. Non-farmers’ preference ratings were highly influenced by the proportion of ecological compensation areas (ECAs) in the rated landscape: Non-farmers rated a landscape with a mixed land-use type and 30% ECAs highest, whereas farmers rated a landscape dominated by arable crops and 10% ECAs highest. The results indicate that heterogeneous landscapes (mixed land use, high proportion of ECAs) influence scenic beauty positively. Thus, farming practices and agro-environment schemes such as ECAs can have an impact on the visual attractiveness of a landscape.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HNa株的分离鉴定

本文从发生以肾病变为主的鸡群中分离到了IBV,经电镜观察、生物学特性试验、理化试验、血清中和试验、RT-PCR及RFLP分析、动物回归试验等证明该毒株为肾型IBV,血清型属于Gray株。