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The immune response to mixed whole cell antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas fluorescens, the common Gram negative bacterial pathogens associated with diseases of Indian major carps were evaluated for their efficacy in triggering antibody responses in rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.). The rohu yearlings were either immunized with antigens from single bacterial strain, A. hydrophila, E. tarda and P. fluorescens or a combination of all three. An antibody response was detected at 1st week post immunization that rose significantly (p<0.05) at 4th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. The antibody level started declining after 8th week but persisted up to 10th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. Similarly, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the antibody level was found between groups immunized with single and mixed bacterial antigens. Moreover, the use of mixed bacterial antigens did not jeopardize the specific immune response to the vaccine components. Upon challenge with single pathogen, a high relative percent survival was recorded in the group immunized with mixed bacterial antigens and was comparable to those fish immunized with the single bacteria. 相似文献
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Thrice out of Africa: ancient and recent expansions of the honey bee, Apis mellifera 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Whitfield CW Behura SK Berlocher SH Clark AG Johnston JS Sheppard WS Smith DR Suarez AV Weaver D Tsutsui ND 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):642-645
We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has involved the near-replacement of previously introduced "European" honey bees by descendants of more recently introduced A. m. scutellata ("African" or "killer" bees). Our analyses of spatial transects and temporal series in the New World revealed differential replacement of alleles derived from eastern versus western Europe, with admixture evident in all individuals. 相似文献
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Chidambaranathan Parameswaran Balasubramaniasai Cayalvizhi Behura Niranjana Purty Mohini Samantaray Sanghamitra Subudhi Hatanath Ngangkham Umakanta Devanna B. N. Katara Jawahar Lal Kumar Awadhesh Behera Lambodar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):1923-1935
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Rice varieties are generally bred for higher yield but may possess genomic regions conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses. Climate change driven heat stress... 相似文献
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