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1.
A survey was conducted between April and July 2007 to generate information on dry season feeding management and livestock
poisoning in the southern rangelands of Ethiopia. A total of 119 pastoralists were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.
Moreover, additional information was obtained through informal discussions. The study revealed that pastoralists have rich
knowledge of natural resource management and utilization and employ various strategies such as migration, collection of grasses
and pods, and cutting branches to overcome feed scarcity during dry/drought periods. Migration of livestock and people to
areas with better grazing is the widely used strategy. However, the implementation of this strategy is diminishing as a result
of changes such as bush encroachment, expansion of settlements, and crop cultivation in dry-season grazing lands. The respondents
also indicated the presence of poisonous plants in the rangeland, and about 20 such plants were identified by the respondents.
Various species and classes of livestock are reported to be affected by toxic plants particularly in the dry and early rainy
seasons when feed is in short supply. A more extensive survey is required to document all poisonous plants in the rangelands
and to identify the major toxic principles in the different species. Future development interventions should consider the
prevailing constraints and potentials of the rangelands with active participation of the pastoralists. 相似文献
2.
A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of
southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age
of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents
in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution
of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P < 0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest
from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P < 0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except
phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K),
calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and
manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions.
This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation
intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies. 相似文献
3.
4.
Etana Debela Adugna Tolera Lars Olav Eik Ragnar Salte 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1939-1944
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin)-containing forage legumes Desmodium intortum cv Greenleaf and Sesbania sesban (accession 15019) could be integrated into a feeding management strategy as a means of Haemonchus contortus control in goats. The anthelmintic effects of condensed tannin extracts from the two legumes on H. contortus L3 larvae were studied in an in vitro larval migration inhibition system. The extracts inhibited larval migration in a dose-dependent manner, and at concentrations from 1,000???g/ml condensed tannin, the extract from D. intortum caused a significantly higher inhibition of larval migration than did the corresponding concentrations of the S. sesban extract (P?<?0.01). Prolonged feeding of tanniniferous forage legumes showed that animals receiving D. intortum had the lowest total worm burden, the lowest female to male parasite ratio, the lowest number of eggs in the uterus of each female worm and the lowest per capita fecundity (P?<?0.01). However, there was no change in the performance (weight gain) of parasite-infected goats probably due to incomplete removal of the parasite or prolonged confinement of goats in small pens, which calls for further investigation. However, since there is no single efficient method in control of parasites, based on the obtained data from this experiment, integrated feeding of D. intortum with other suitable method of parasite control is thus suggested. 相似文献
5.
Mengsteab Hailemariam Emiru Birhane Zebene Asfaw Solomon Zewdie 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(6):1261-1272
Tree species in agroforestry are important source of inoculum for companion agricultural crops. Agroforestry trees can serve as a source of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculants to intercropped annuals. We studied spore abundance, root colonization of Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel.) and Croton macrostachyus (Hochst Ex Del.) trees and their effect on colonization of maize. Soil and root samples were collected from field standing trees from under and outside the canopy of trees and maize crops in the main rainy season. The number of spore count was significantly higher under the canopy of A. gummifera (791/100 g of dry soil) and C. macrostachyus (877/100 g of dry soil) trees than outside the canopy (547 and 588/100 g of dry soil, respectively). The level of root colonization of C. macrostachyus (45 %) was higher than A. gummifera (41 %). Root colonization of maize crops grown under the canopy of A. gummifera and C. macrostachyus trees was significantly higher than outside the canopy (P < 0.001). Maize seedlings grown on non-sterilized soils collected under and outside the canopy of A. gummifera and C. macrostachyus trees recorded higher root colonization, plant height, shoot and root dry weight than grown on sterilized soils (P < 0.001). The percentage of AM colonized roots of Zea mays seedlings was significantly positively correlated with the number of spore counts for field soils. The rhizospheres of indigenous agroforestry perennial species are important source of inoculum for annuals. The integration of perennials and annuals in an agroforestry system enhances the maintenance of soil quality in the tropics. 相似文献
6.
Asrat Asfaw Gebremedhen Woldegiorgis Semagn A. Kolech Gedif Mulugeta Dinka Mulugeta Abigail Ngugi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(7):596-607
Micronutrient deficiencies in diets, including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are an important public health problem across population in Ethiopia. Potato is a modest source of dietary nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral (Fe & Zn) composition of potato germplasm in Ethiopia and grower's willingness to try new potato types. The Fe and Zn contents were assessed in peeled tubers of popular farmer varieties, and newly introduced Andean diploid group Phureja accessions and improved tetraploid clones grown in multi-location trials. Grower's preferences for the new potato types was assessed using a participatory approach. Significant variations in mineral and tuber yield traits exist among the germplasm assessed and broad-sense heritability appears to be high for most traits measured, suggesting that progress through breeding can be made among these materials. However, the slightly negative correlation of tuber yield with Fe and Zn content and user appreciation traits found in this study suggests that progress in improving crops for yield and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations with end-user acceptable quality will be challenging. The results from this study provide baseline information on Fe and Zn composition of many popular farmer varieties in Ethiopia and end-user preference criteria for evaluating new potato varieties that would help to orient the biofortification breeding to the conditions and preference of farmers. 相似文献
7.
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373 mg C kg−1 dry soil and 15 mg N kg−1 dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds. 相似文献
8.
Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate the effects of different concentrates to roughage ratios on growth
performance and attainment of puberty in Friesian–Boran crossbred heifers. Weaned 50% Friesian–Boran crossbred female calves
were used in both experiments with 25 and 20 calves in experiments I and II, respectively. In experiment I, the calves were
offered diets with concentrate to roughage ratios of 50:50 (treatment 1) or 30:70 (treatment 2). In experiment II, the calves
grazed for 8 h a day and supplemented with 2 kg hay and 1 kg concentrate per head per day (treatment 1) or only 2 kg hay per
head per day (treatment 2). The concentrate mixture was composed of 34% wheat bran, 31% wheat middling, 31% noug cake, 3%
limestone, and 1% salt. In experiment I, heifers fed a ration with 50% concentrate and 50% roughage had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.532 kg) and attained puberty at 221 kg (65% of the mature body weight) in 15 months, while
heifers fed a diet with 30% concentrate and 70% roughage gained 0.434 kg/day and reached puberty at 247 kg (70% of the mature
body weight), about 3 months later. Heifers in treatments 1 and 2 of experiment II reached puberty 5 and 12 months later,
respectively, than those in experiment I. In experiment II, heifers given 1 kg of concentrate supplement had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.346 kg) than those given only 2 kg hay in addition to grazing (0.278 kg). Growth rate of
crossbred heifers was enhanced and age at puberty was reduced by changing the rearing management from outdoor to indoor and
with increasing level of concentrate in the ration. This helps to bring the dairy heifer into production earlier and enhance
to the overall productivity of the dairy industry. 相似文献
9.
Suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for many food products depends on its unique protein. Elevated grain protein content (GPC) and its quality influences
the bread making properties of wheat. The objective of this study was to examine the association of elevated GPC with agronomic
and end-use quality in two hard red spring wheat recombinant inbred (RI) populations derived from wild emmer (Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides). The two hard red spring populations (ND683/Bergen and Glupro/Bergen) were developed using a single-seed-descent method.
ND683 and ‘Glupro’ are high in GPC (180 g kg-1), presumably due to the introgression of gene(s) from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides and ‘Bergen’ is low in GPC (145 g kg-1). From each of the two populations 12 high- and 12 low-GPC RI lines (F5:7) were selected for replicated testing at two North Dakota (ND) locations in 1995. In both populations, the high-GPC lines
had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values compared to the low-GPC lines for mean GPC and water absorption. Mean grain yield of the high-GPC lines
was not significantly different from the low-GPC lines in both populations. In the ND683/Bergen population, the high-GPC lines
had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values than the low-GPC lines for mean plant height, days to heading, and flour extraction. GPC was significantly
(p < 0.05)and negatively associated with test weight and also significantly (p < 0.01) and positively associated with water absorption in the Glupro/Bergen population. In these populations, results suggested
that it may be possible to select lines that combine higher GPC and acceptable yield level, but later in maturity and taller
in plant height.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Yoseph Legesse Yilkal Asfaw Mesfin Sahle Gelagay Ayelet Shiferaw Jenberie Haileleul Negussie 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1265-1267
The study was conducted in three regional states of Ethiopia: Amhara, Oromia, and the Southern Nations Nationalities and people regional state from August 2007 to April 2008 with the objective of identifying the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes circulating in the region. Two serotypes were recorded from epithelial tissue and oesophageal–pharyngeal (OP) fluid that were taken from outbreaks in study regions of Ethiopia. Serotype O FMDV was identified in Girar Jarso, Yabello, and Ankesha Guagusa districts while SAT-1 was isolated in Surma and Maji districts from tissue samples and this was the first report of the FMDV serotype in Ethiopia. Similarly, the OP fluid samples were found positive for SAT-1 FMDV in Maji and Surma districts. 相似文献