有机肥(物)对土壤中磷的活化作用及机理研究──Ⅰ.有机肥(物)对土壤不同形态无机磷的活化作用

采用逐级去磷的土壤研究在好气与淹水条件下猪粪、稻草和纤维素对土壤中不同形态磷的活化作用。结果表明,在好气条件下,猪粪、稻草和纤维素均能对土壤中各种形态的无机磷起活化作用,其效果为猪粪＞稻草＞纤维素。在淹水条件下,有机肥则表现为明显增加土壤对磷的固定,这主要是土壤中的铁氧化物强烈吸附磷所致。但当土壤去除Fe－P和O－P后,有机肥则能对土壤磷起明显的活化作用。采用人工合成磷酸铁加入去磷、去铁氧化物土壤的试验表明,有机肥对磷酸铁的活化率可高达30％。由于土壤中存在的铁氧化物对活化的磷起掩盖作用,因此,有机肥对土壤磷,尤其对Ca2－P、Ca8－P、Al-P和Fe－P的实际活化作用有可能比测定值还要高。     

多叶羽扇豆花色与花青苷分析

以10个不同花色多叶羽扇豆品种为材料,对其花朵翼瓣和旗瓣的颜色、花青苷组成及质量分数进行测定。结果表明,10个不同花色多叶羽扇豆中共检测出9种花青苷,白色的Gallery white和黄色的Galleryyellow 2个品种未检测到花青苷。对红色、蓝色和紫色多叶羽扇豆花瓣的花青苷提取液进行多级质谱分析发现,花青素苷元类型主要是矢车菊素、天竺葵素和飞燕草素,其糖苷类型主要是葡萄糖或酰基化葡萄糖的糖苷。     

利用DD-PCR技术分析水稻铝诱导基因的表达差异

 利用差异显示（Differential Display PCR，简称为DD-PCR）技术比较了水稻对铝极敏感的品种pp2462-11和极抗品种Pedel在铝胁迫条件下基因的表达差异。结果表明：抗性品种和敏感品种在铝胁迫下其苗期mRNA存在明显差异，实验共发现25个差别cDNA，铝既可诱导抗性品种和敏感品种的基因表达，又可抑制其基因表达。本研究推测抗性品种特异表达的片段可能与合成抗性蛋白有关，敏感品种基因的特异表达可能产生一些毒害蛋白，抑制根的生长。     

Influence of Anaerobic Pre-conditioning on Phosphorus Removal in Swine Manure by Aeration

A feasibility study with three pre-conditioning times was carriedout to examine the effect of anaerobic pre-treatment on phosphorus removal by aeration. The results showed that solublephosphorus could be decreased from 120 mg L^-1 to about40 mg L^-1 within one-day aeration. However, soluble phosphorusconcentration was found not affected by pre-conditioning, butmore pH dependent. Anaerobic pre-treatment significantly increased the uptake of phosphorus by microbes indicated by theincrease in concentration of organic phosphorus fraction. The presence of a large proportion of inorganic insoluble phosphorusconsiderably eclipsed the biological removal of soluble phosphorus, which suggested that the solids/liquid separationbefore aeration could be important to improve the biologicaluptake of soluble phosphorus.     

Nutrient Seepage from Operating Turkey Buildings with a Litter System

The effect of selected nutrient amendments and temperature on the biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) within a soil biopile was studied on a laboratory scale. This was accomplished by monitoring microbial populations, the concentration of PCP and the release of inorganic chloride ions in the contaminated soil. It was found that temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 °C had no significant effect on microbial populations and the percentage of PCP remaining in the soil. However, the nutrient amendments did have a significant effect on the parameters measured. The dairy manure, ammonium nitrate fertilizer and control treatments all experienced some fluctuations in the amount of PCP remaining in the soil over the incubation period and may have been due to the release of initially unextractable bound residues. PCP decreased by 76% in the municipal solid waste compost amended soil, while the concentration of inorganic chloride ions increased. The municipal solid waste compost treatment had significantly higher bacterial and fungal populations. Based on the results of this study municipal solid waste compost may be used as an effective supplemental nutrient amendment for the degradation of PCP in soil biopiles.     

Physiological traits of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L. ) associated with iron toxicity

Iron toxicity, a physiological disorder of rice, is widely spread in tropical and subtropical areas and causes severe rice yield reduction.     

水土保持科研单位管理组织结构探讨

论述了直线型组织结构、职能型组织结构、直线职能型组织结构、事业部型组织结构、联邦分权型组织结构、矩阵型组织结构和复合型组织结构7种管理组织结构类型及优缺点。分析论述了水土保持科研单位的管理幅度和管理层次情况,集权管理与分权管理的均衡和统一。以西峰站为例,分析了其组织结构、管理幅度、管理层次以及分权管理模式。实行复合型组织结构,采用扁平型组织结构形态,实行分权管理,是西峰站得以持续稳定蓬勃发展的机制基础和制度保障,也是西峰站近年来各项事业持续快速蓬勃发展的成功经验。      

中国忍冬属植物育种研究进展

忍冬属植物不仅有中国传统药材金银花的药源植物,还是一类具有食用保健作用和观赏价值的植物类群。该研究从我国忍冬属植物种质资源、国内外育种现状、育种技术发展等方面综述了忍冬属植物的育种研究进展。忍冬属植物的应用包括药用类群、食用类群和观赏类群,药用方面中国开展育种研究较早,选育出了许多优良栽培品种,有8个品种取得国家林业和草原局的新品种授权,食用和观赏方面俄罗斯和欧美国家取得的育种成果显著,我国也不断努力培育具有自主知识产权的新品种,近年来已经取得3个果食和9个观赏种类国家新品种授权。药用类以金银花和山银花的丰产、高有效成分和便于采摘等为主要选育目标;观赏类以花色丰富和性状特异为目标;食用以蓝靛果为代表的果实育种。育种技术目前主要还是传统选育和人工杂交育种,但分子生物育种技术研究发展迅速,是今后育种研究的发展方向。忍冬属植物资源的开发与利用具有广阔的前景,培育中国知识产权的新品种也将取得快速发展。     

可重构模块化教学机器人设计

可重构模块化教学机器人的研制与开发,旨在让学生通过自行拆卸和组装机器人,更直观深入地学习机器人各个基本机构的原理。叙述了可重构模块化教学机器人的零件设计、材料选取及可重构实现方法等,不仅解决当前市场上教学机器人价格高昂、易损坏、可重构性差等问题,而且开发一套易于学生搭建、通用性强、制造简单、成本低廉、便于拆卸的机器人模块,激发学生对机器人知识的浓厚兴趣和热情。